新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类野生动物自然保护区大沙鼠巢域微生境选择  

Microhabitat selection of Rhombomys opimus hideout in Mt. Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China

作　　者：吴洪潘 刘冬志 初雯雯 古丽娜·再努拉 戚英杰 初红军[1,3,6] WU Hong-pan;LIU Dong-zhi;CHU Wen-wen;GULINA Zainula;QI Ying-jie;CHU Hong-jun(College of Life Science and Technology,Xinjiang University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830046,China;Shantou Haojiang District Rural Revitalization Strategy Development Center,Shantou,Guangdong 515071,China;Management Center,Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830000,China;Huanjiang Lvyuan Environmental Protection Technology Co.,Ltd.,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830019,China;Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Institute of Forest Ecology,Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Sciences,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830002,China;Grassland Station of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830049,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆大学生命科学与技术学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830046 [2]汕头市濠江区乡村振兴战略发展中心,广东汕头515071 [3]新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类野生动物自然保护区管理中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830000 [4]新疆环疆绿源环保科技有限公司,新疆乌鲁木齐830019 [5]北京林业大学,北京100083 [6]新疆林科院森林生态研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [7]新疆维吾尔自治区草原总站,新疆乌鲁木齐830049

出　　处：《中国媒介生物学及控制杂志》2023年第1期70-76,共7页Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control

基　　金：科技部第三次新疆综合考察专项(2021xjkk1200);卡山自然保护区管理中心2018年中央财政林业改革发展资金(森林生态效益补偿补助)项目。

摘　　要：目的 研究卡拉麦里山自然保护区荒漠区大沙鼠巢域微生境与环境因素关系,了解大沙鼠巢域选择的影响因素,为鼠害防控提供依据。方法 在2019年春、夏季及2020年春、夏和秋季,设置并调查5 m×5 m大沙鼠活动巢域样方111个,无大沙鼠活动巢域的对照样方111个。分析比较巢域微生境和对照样方的海拔、坡度、植物种数、植被盖度、生物量等生境因子。结果 影响大沙鼠巢域微生境选择依次是海拔、土壤含水率和植物种数3个生境因子,其差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。主成分分析表明影响大沙鼠巢域微生境选择的主要因子依次是植被盖度(0.863)、距道路距离(0.761)、距居民点距离(0.734)、灌木盖度(0.719)。结论 大沙鼠倾向于选择海拔高、土壤含水率低、植物种数多、平滩区域(包含砂质土和碱土2种土壤基质),植被盖度高,灌木盖度高,远离居民点和道路等人为干扰少的微生境作为巢域。研究结果可为大沙鼠的科学防控提供重要的理论依据。Objective To study the relationship between microhabitats of Rhombomys opimus nest area and environmental factors in the desert area of the Mount Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve, China, and investigate the factors affecting the selection of the nest domain of R. opimus, and to provide a basis for rodent control. Methods In the spring and summer of 2019 and spring, summer, and autumn of 2020, we investigated habitat factors(including elevation, slope, the number of plant species, vegetation coverage, and biomass) in 111 R. opimus home range quadrats and 111 control quadrats(without R. opimus). A quadrat was 5 m×5 m in size. Results Three ecological factors significantly affected the selection of microhabitats of R. opimus nest area: elevation, soil moisture content, and plant species number(all P<0.05). Principal component analysis showed that the main factors affecting the selection of microhabitats of R. opimus nest area were vegetation coverage(0.863), distance from roads(0.761), distance from residential areas(0.734), and shrub coverage(0.719). Conclusion The home range of great gerbils tends to have high elevation, low soil moisture content, diverse plant species, flat beach(including sandy and alkaline soil substrates), high vegetation coverage, and high shrub coverage, and be far away from human settlements and roads. The results can provide an important theoretical basis for the scientific control of great gerbils.

关 键 词：大沙鼠 巢域 生境选择 主成分分析 卡拉麦里山自然保护区 

分 类 号：R183[医药卫生—流行病学] Q958[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]