中国疟疾防控技术能力调查  

An investigation of technical capabilities for malaria control in China

作　　者：杨仁东 房元圣 张荣娜 梁作如 戚晓鹏[1,2] YANG Ren-dong;FANG Yuan-sheng;ZHANG Rong-na;LIANG Zuo-ru;QI Xiao-peng(Chinese Field Epidemiology Training Program,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102206,China;Center for Global Public Health,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102206,China;Emergency Management Office,Zhuhai Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Zhuhai,Guangdong 519060,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心中国现场流行病学培训项目,北京102206 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心全球公共卫生中心,北京102206 [3]珠海市疾病预防控制中心应急管理办公室,广东珠海519060

出　　处：《中国媒介生物学及控制杂志》2023年第1期94-100,共7页Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control

基　　金：中国疟疾防控技术能力评价。

摘　　要：目的 梳理我国各类疟疾防控机构的技术能力水平,为疟疾消除后时代防控工作的延续以及对外医疗援助提供参考。方法 自制2套调查问卷,调查省级疾病预防控制中心(疾控中心)和寄生虫病防治研究所(寄研所)在疟疾防控、蚊媒监测方面的技术能力水平。从中国疾病预防控制信息系统导出疟疾病例个案数据,分析医疗卫生机构的诊疗能力。浏览官网,搜集通过世界卫生组织(WHO)预认证(PQ)、国家药监局批准注册的抗疟产品及企业名单。查阅文献,梳理疟疾疫苗、药物等其他领域的技术进展。采用专家咨询和访谈的方式搜集基金会等其他机构的资料。结果 31个省(直辖市、自治区)和新疆生产建设兵团(为了叙述方便,以下统称为省)共设有国家级病媒生物监测点166个,平均5.35个/省;配有工作人员178人,平均5.74人/省;超过26个省设有蚊媒实验室、蚊虫饲养室,并开展蚊媒密度监测、蚊媒种群和生态学研究、杀虫剂种类和抗性研究;30个省共47人获得WHO镜检技能评估证书。24个疟疾流行省配有疟疾防控人员227人,平均9.45人/省,其中30~49岁占63.88%,正、副高级职称合计占52.42%,从事疟疾工作10年及以上占58.59%;24个省都有疟疾相关实验室,共有145间,平均6.04间/省,且都有疟原虫血涂片镜检和核酸检测能力;16个省获批援外项目或省部级及以上课题项目(共56项),研究地域覆盖亚洲、非洲和大洋洲。通过WHO原料药预认证的企业26家、长效防虫蚊帐3家、制剂药1家、化学杀虫剂1家,通过国家药监局批准注册的抗疟药企业48家。至少77.30%的医疗卫生机构具备一定的恶性疟诊疗能力。中国中医科学院创制的青蒿素及其衍生物是WHO唯一认可的抗疟特效药,高校研发的PfCP-2.9抗原获批进入临床试验,另有2种疫苗进入临床前研究。至少31个海关口岸具备按蚊监测能力,4个海关口岸通过了美国病理�Objective To investigate the technical capabilities of malaria control institutions in China, and to provide a reference for malaria control in the post-eradication era as well as foreign medical aid. Methods Two self-made questionnaires were used to investigate the technical capabilities(malaria control and mosquito vector surveillance) of provincial centers for disease control and prevention and institutes of parasitic diseases. The capacity for malaria diagnosis and treatment of medical institutions was analyzed based on the data on malaria cases from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. The relevant official websites were browsed to collect the antimalarial products and enterprises with prequalification certificates from the World Health Organization(WHO) or registration approvals from the National Medical Products Administration. By reviewing the literature to tease out the technical progress in vaccines, drugs, and other fields of malaria. The data of foundations and other institutions were collected by means of expert consultation and interview. Results National vector surveillance sites were set in all 31 provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities directly under the central government and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps( "province" below), with 5.35 sites per province. There were 178 staff members, with 5.74 persons per province. Over 26 provinces had mosquito vector laboratories and mosquito breeding rooms, and carried out mosquito density surveillance, mosquito species and ecology research, and insecticide types and resistance research.Forty-seven persons from 30 provinces had WHO certificates of microscopy. Twenty-four malaria endemic provinces had 227 staff members for malaria prevention and control, with 9.45 persons per province. Among them, 63.88% were aged 30 to 49 years, 52.42% had a senior or vice-senior title, and 58.59% had ≥10 years of working in malaria. All the 24provinces had malaria laboratories, and there were 145 malaria laboratories in tot

关 键 词：疟疾 技术能力 医疗援助 蚊媒监测 抗疟产品 社会组织 

分 类 号：R531.3[医药卫生—内科学] R183.5[医药卫生—临床医学]