OFDI有助于赋能“中国智造”吗?:基于企业微观产品层面的经验数据分析  

Can OFDI Energize "Intelligent Manufacturing in China"?An Empirical Analysis Based on the Data of Micro Product Level of Chinese Listed Companies

作　　者：刘娟[1] 刘梦洁 王维薇[1] LIU Juan;LIU Mengjie;WANG Weiwei

机构地区：[1]天津财经大学经济学院

出　　处：《世界经济研究》2023年第1期43-57,M0003,共16页World Economy Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“‘双循环’下开放式创新对中国跨国企业创新质量提升的作用机制与路径研究”(项目编号:22BGL020)。

摘　　要：“双循环”新发展格局下中国企业智能化转型升级是学界、业界普遍关注的重点议题。文章以OFDI企业为准自然实验,利用2005~2020年上市企业产品智能化数据,运用倍差法系统探究OFDI赋能“中国智造”的作用效果与影响路径。研究发现,OFDI显著提升了企业产品智能化生产倾向性和产品智能化种类,经过一系列稳健性检验后此结果依然稳健。异质性检验结果表明,相较于民企和外企,OFDI赋能“中国智造”对国企的激励作用更为凸显;相较于新兴产业和瓶颈产业,OFDI赋能“中国智造”对成熟产业的激励作用更为显著;企业年龄与产品智能化呈现出显著的“倒U型”关系,这表明OFDI赋能“中国智造”对于处于“成长”或“成熟”期的中国企业恰逢其时。影响路径的三重差分结果表明,逆梯度下OFDI赋能“中国智造”可借助创新激励效应和成本优化效应实现;顺梯度下OFDI赋能“中国智造”的创新激励效应并不显著,但成本优化效应更为凸显。文章的研究结论对“双循环”新发展格局下中国企业创新驱动战略实施及智能化转型升级路径选择具有重要启示及借鉴意义。Under the background of the new development pattern of "Dual Circulation", the intelligent transformation and upgrading of China′s manufacturing have attracted much more attention of academia and industry. This paper takes OFDI enterprises as a quasi-natural experiment, using the intelligent product data of listed companies from 2005 to 2020, and based on the DID method to explore the effect and influence path of OFDI energizing "China′s intelligent manufacturing". The research shows that, firstly,OFDI significantly improves the possibility of producing intelligent products and the types of intelligent products, and the results are still robust after a series of robustness tests. Secondly, the heterogeneity test results show that the state-owned enterprises have a more prominent incentive effect compared with private and foreign enterprises;the mature industries have a more prominent incentive effect compared with emerging industries and bottleneck industries. And the inverted U-shaped relationship between enterprise age and intelligent product indicates that OFDI energizing "intelligent manufacturing in China" is more representative for those enterprises in the growth stage or mature stage. Finally, the triple DID model results show that under inverse gradient OFDI energize "intelligent manufacturing in China" by innovation incentive effect and cost optimization effect. However, along the gradient, OFDI energize "intelligent manufacturing in China" only by the cost optimization effect. The conclusion of this study has important enlightenment and reference significance for the implementation of innovation-driven strategy and the choice of intelligent transformation and upgrading path of China′s manufacturing under the new development pattern of "Dual Circulation".

关 键 词：对外直接投资 产品智能化 创新激励 成本优化 

分 类 号：F832.51[经济管理—金融学] F125F424