出口模式转变与企业就业变动:来自中国制造业的微观证据  

The Impact of Export Mode Transformation on Firms′ Job Dynamics:Micro Evidence from China′s Manufacturing Industry

作　　者：毛其淋[1] 王玥清 MAO Qilin;WANG Yueqing

机构地区：[1]南开大学跨国公司研究中心 [2]南开大学经济学院

出　　处：《世界经济研究》2023年第1期118-133,M0004,共17页World Economy Studies

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(项目编号:72073074);国家社会科学基金重点项目(项目编号:22AZD054);2022年度中国科协科技智库青年人才计划(项目编号:20220615ZZ07110265);霍英东教育基金会高等院校青年教师基金项目(项目编号:171075)的资助。

摘　　要：稳就业是“六稳”的首要工作,对于推动经济高质量发展具有重要意义。文章利用中国制造业微观企业数据系统考察了出口模式转变对企业就业变动的影响及其作用机制。研究发现,出口模式转变显著促进了企业的就业净增长,生产规模扩张、提高就业创造和降低就业破坏是出口模式转变促进企业就业净增长的重要渠道。进一步检验发现,出口模式转变对民营企业、外资企业、东部地区企业和资本密集型企业就业净增长的促进作用更大。文章研究还表明,出口模式转变不仅促进了企业就业净增长,而且也促进了就业技能结构的优化;此外,出口模式转变明显降低了企业的劳动收入份额,这是因为出口模式转变的生产率提升效应大于工资率效应,从而抑制了劳动收入份额的提升。上述结论表明,企业出口模式转变对中国保障就业稳步增长、实现更高质量就业目标具有重要意义,但是在鼓励企业直接出口的同时,也要注意缩小收入分配差距,改善收入分配格局。Stabilizing employment is the top priority of the six stability programs,which is of great significance for promoting high-quality economic development. Based on the data of Chinese micro firms, this paper systematically examines the impact of export mode transformation on firms′ job dynamics and its mechanism. We find that the export mode transformation significantly promotes the firms′ net employment growth. Furthermore, "increasing firms′ production scale", "increasing job creation" and "decreasing job destruction" are the important channels for the export mode transformation to promote the firms′ net employment growth. Further examination shows that export mode transformation has a greater effect on promoting the net employment growth of private firms,foreign-capital firms, eastern firms and capital-intensive firms. This paper also shows that the export mode transformation not only promotes the firms′ net employment growth, but also promotes the optimization of employment skill structure. In addition, the export mode transformation significantly reduces the labor income share of firms, because the productivity improvement effect of export mode transformation is greater than the effect of wage rate, thus inhibiting the increase of labor income share. The conclusion above means that the export mode transformation is of great significance for ensuring steady growth of employment and realizing the goal of higher quality employment in China. However, while encouraging firms to export directly, we should also pay attention to narrowing the income distribution gap and improving the income distribution pattern.

关 键 词：出口模式转变 就业变动 就业创造 就业破坏 

分 类 号：F249.2[经济管理—劳动经济] F752.62[经济管理—国民经济] F424