生物降解地膜对崇明生态岛“两无化”水稻土壤环境的影响  

Effects of biodegradable plastic film on soil environment of paddy field without chemical fertilizer or pesticide in Chongming eco-island

作　　者：沈峥[1] 宋欣 乔恒波 石惠娴[1] 司慧萍[1] 张亚雷[1,2] SHEN Zheng;SONG Xin;QIAO Hengbo;SHI Huixian;SI Huiping;ZHANG Yalei(National Engineering Research Center of Protected Agriculture,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China;State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学国家设施农业工程技术研究中心,上海200092 [2]同济大学污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室,上海200092

出　　处：《上海农业学报》2023年第1期72-80,共9页Acta Agriculturae Shanghai

基　　金：上海市崇明区生态农业科创项目(2019CNKC-08)。

摘　　要：在水稻机械插秧种植的条件下,研究覆膜种植技术中使用的生物降解地膜在世界级生态岛崇明岛“两无化”水稻田中的降解过程及其对土壤环境的影响。结果表明:除覆膜条件不同、其他农艺措施均一致的条件下,到水稻收获期,覆盖生物降解地膜区域的地膜在稻田中几乎完全消失,覆膜区域稻田土壤理化性质变化与不覆膜区域基本一致。与种植前相比,收获后覆膜区域水溶性盐总量无显著变化,不覆膜区域下降6.5%;覆膜区域与不覆膜区域有机质含量分别增加10.8%、3.2%,碱解氮含量分别增加11.0%、5.9%,有效磷含量分别增加11.8%、4.6%,速效钾含量分别下降15.9%、19.6%。覆膜区域与不覆膜区域土壤微生物数量较种植前均有所减少,与种植前相比,收获后细菌分别下降51.4%、57.3%,真菌分别下降52.8%、51.8%,放线菌分别下降45.7%、43.9%。研究表明,PBAT材料的生物降解地膜在崇明岛“两无化”稻田中降解性能良好,地膜在光、氧、温度、微生物等作用下发生了降解,覆膜更有利于土壤养分和细菌数量的保持,其应用于崇明岛“两无化”水稻生产具有可行性,对土壤环境影响不显著。Under the conditions of mechanical rice planting,the degradation process of biodegradable mulch used in rice mulching technology and its impact on the soil environment were studied in paddy field without chemical fertilizer or pesticide in Chongming eco-island. The results showed that the biodegradable plastic film almost completely disappeared in the paddy field. The changes of soil physical and chemical properties in the fields covered with film were nearly the same as those in the fields not covered with film. Except for different mulching conditions,other agronomic measures were consistent,after harvest,compared with that before planting,the total amount of water-soluble salt in the fields covered with film had no significant change,and it decreased6. 5% in the fields without film;while the organic matter in the coated areas increased by 10. 8% and 3. 2% in the fields without film;alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen increased by 11. 0% and 5. 9%, available phosphorus increased by 11. 8% and 4. 6%,and available potassium decreased by 15. 9% and 19. 6% in the mulched and unmulched areas,respectively. Compared with those before planting,the number of soil microorganisms in both covered and uncovered areas decreased. After harvest,bacteria decreased by 51. 4% and 57. 3%,fungi decreased by 52. 8% and 51. 8%,and actinomycetes decreased by 45. 7% and 43. 9%. Degradable plastic film had a good degradation performance in paddy field without chemical fertilizer or pesticide in Chongming eco-island,and the film degraded under the action of light,oxygen,temperature,and microorganisms. Mulching was better for soil nutrient and bacterial population retention. The application of degradable plastic film mulch in paddy field without chemical fertilizer or pesticide in Chongming eco-island was feasible,and had no significant influence on the soil environment.

关 键 词：生物降解地膜 崇明世界级生态岛 “两无化”水稻田 土壤环境 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学] S154.3[农业科学—农业基础科学]