环境DNA技术在长江口鱼类多样性分析中的应用  

APPLICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL DNA TECHNOLOGY IN FISH DIVERSITY ANALYSIS IN THE YANGTZE RIVER ESTUARY

作　　者：王汝贤 杨刚[1] 耿智[1] 赵峰[1] 冯雪松 张涛[1] WANG Ru-Xian;YANG Gang;GENG Zhi;ZHAO Feng;FENG Xue-Song;ZHANG Tao(Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment of the East China Sea and Yangtze Estuary,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shanghai 200090,China;College of Fisheries and Life Science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Shanghai Chong ming Dongtan Nature Reserve Management Affairs Center,Shanghai 202150,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,农业农村部东海与长江口渔业资源环境科学观测实验站,上海200090 [2]上海海洋大学,水产与生命学院,上海201306 [3]上海市崇明东滩自然保护区管理事务中心,上海202150

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2023年第3期365-375,共11页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0900802);上海崇明东滩鸟类国家级自然保护区资源监测专项(CMDT-JC202102);上海市科学技术委员会科研计划项目(21DZ1201700)资助。

摘　　要：研究采用高通量测序技术对长江口水域环境DNA(Environmental DNA,eDNA)样品进行分析,并与传统渔业资源调查结果对比,阐述长江口鱼类群落在其生境内的多样性特征,探讨eDNA技术在长江口水域鱼类多样性研究中的应用前景。结果显示,eDNA技术共检测到10目21科41属45种鱼类,各站点鱼类丰富度之间无显著差异,而多样性之间存在显著差异性。底拖网法共捕获11目16科29属33种鱼类。有18种鱼类在两种方法中均检测到,占鱼类总数的30%。两种方法检测到的鱼类中均以鲈形目(Perciformes)最多,其次是鲤形目(Cypriniformes),两种方法的结果均表明刀鲚(Coilia nasus)和凤鲚(Coilia mystus)为优势物种。研究表明环境DNA技术在长江口水域渔业资源监测中具有可行性,在禁捕环境下可根据实际情况采用不同方法对渔业资源进行监测。Environmental DNA(eDNA)is a booming biological monitoring technology.It has been proved by many studies to be an effective tool for the detection,monitoring and indication of fish species and its biodiversity and abundance.This study applies high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze the eDNA samples of the waters of the Yangtze Estuary and compares the results with the traditional fishery studies.It aims to elaborate the diverse characteristics of the fish communities in the Yangtze Estuary and to explore the prospects of applying eDNA technology to the diversity study of the fish species in the Yangtze Estuary.The study results show that the eDNA detects 45 fish species,which can be classified to 41 genera,21 families and 10 orders,and there is no significant difference of the abundances of the species,but their diversity characters vary considerably,while the bottom trawl method detects 33 fish species,which can be classified to 29 genera,16 families and 11 orders.18 species,accounting for 30%of the total fish species,can be detected in both monitoring methods.Among those 18 species,the number of Perciformes is the most,followed by Cypriniformes.The results of both monitoring methods show Coilia nasus and Coilia mystus are the dominant species in the Yangtze Estuary.When comparing the two monitoring methods by Alpha diversity,both Simpson and Shannon indexes show the Alpha diversity of the fish communities in the Yangtze River Estuary detected by eDNA method is significantly greater than of bottom trawl.The study shows that it is feasible to apply eDNA technology in monitoring fishery resources in the Yangtze River Estuary,while during the fishing moratorium different methods can be used to monitor fishery resources based on the actual situation.

关 键 词：环境DNA 底拖网法 长江口 鱼类多样性 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]