鄱阳湖鱼类多样性的时空变化特征研究  

TEMPORAL VARIATION OF FISH BIODIVERSITY IN POYANG LAKE

作　　者：蒋祥龙 黎明政[1] 杨少荣 林鹏程[1] 常涛 王春伶 张晨 高欣[1] JIANG Xiang-Long;LI Ming-Zheng;YANG Shao-Rong;LIN Peng-Cheng;CHANG Tao;WANG Chun-Ling;ZHANG Chen;GAO Xin(The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation,Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China;China Three Gorges Construction Engineering Corporation,Chengdu 610041,China;Anhui Normal University,Wuhu 241002,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所中国科学院水生生物多样性与保护重点实验室,武汉430072 [2]中国三峡建工(集团)有限公司,成都610041 [3]安徽师范大学,芜湖241002

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2023年第3期376-388,共13页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0900804);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类)(XDB31040000);中国生物多样性监测与研究网络-内陆水体鱼类多样性监测网项目;中国工程科技发展战略湖北研究院2020年咨询项目(HB2020B19)资助。

摘　　要：研究基于2010年4月、7月和2018年8月、2019年5月在鄱阳湖9个区域的鱼类多样性调查数据,分析鱼类物种多样性、功能多样性和分类差异指数的时空变化以及其与环境之间的关系,了解鄱阳湖近十年来鱼类群落多样性的时空变化特征。结果显示,2010年和2018—2019年分别调查到鱼类74种和93种,群落结构差异显著(P<0.05),差异贡献率最高的物种为短颌鲚、似鳊、鲫、光泽黄颡鱼和鲤;水温、总悬浮物和叶绿素等环境因素具有显著的年际和季节差异(P<0.05)。与2010年相比,2018—2019年鱼类物种多样性和功能多样性指数有一定增加,分类差异指数没有显著变化。分类差异指数的随机检验显示(Randomization test),与2010年相比,2018—2019年位于95%概率置信范围下方的区域增加。水温、总悬浮物和叶绿素等环境因素对物种多样性、功能多样性和分类差异指数有显著的影响(P<0.05)。结果表明,近十年来,鄱阳湖鱼类群落结构发生明显改变,但是小型鱼类依旧是优势种,鱼类群落小型化明显,主要原因可能是过度捕捞的影响。同时,鄱阳湖的人类活动干扰增大,鄱阳县、新建县和余干县等距离长江干流较远的区域人类活动干扰较大。长江十年禁渔的实施会对鄱阳湖鱼类资源恢复会起到明显作用。Biodiversity serves as an important index in reflecting the impact of environmental changes on ecological communities.It is also essential in evaluating the health and integrity of ecosystems,providing insights into management and conservation initiatives.The river-lake complex ecosystem in the middle and lower Yangtze River are one of the most threatened areas subjected to anthropogenic activities.However,there is still a lack of research on taxonomic diversity and general understanding of fish community and diversity changes in the Poyang Lake over a long time span.Based on data derived from fish resources investigation in 9 regions of the Poyang Lake area in April and July 2010,August 2018 and May 2019,we analyzed the temporal changes of species diversity,functional diversity and taxonomic diversity of fish communities in the Poyang Lake as well as the relationship between biodiversity and environmental factors.The results showed that 74 and 93 species of fish were collected in 2010 and 2018—2019,respectively.There were significant differences in community structure,with Coilia brachygnathus,Pseudobrama simoni,Carassius auratus,Pelteobaggrus nitidus and Cyprinus carpio contributed the most variance.There were also significant differences in environmental factors between different years and seasons(P<0.05).Although the species diversity and functional diversity in 2018—2019 were higher than those in 2010,the variations in functional diversity and taxonomic distinctness(Λ+)were insignificant,suggesting the taxonomic range has narrowed albeit the fish species has increased in the past decade.The randomization test of the average taxonomic distinctness index(Δ+)and the variation in taxonomic distinctness(Λ+)showed that the number of sampling localities below the 95%probability confidence funnel from2018 to 2019 increased compared with 2010,indicating that the degree of interference in the Poyang Lake area increased.The fish biodiversity in the Poyang Lake area was significantly correlated with water tempera

关 键 词：人类干扰 物种多样性指数 功能多样性指数 分类差异指数 保护措施 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]