部门规章制定主体范围的规范阐释及立法完善  

The Normative Interpretation and Amendment of the Scope of Departmental Rule Legislator

作　　者：谭嘉玲 林彦[1] Tan Jialing;Lin Yan

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学凯原法学院

出　　处：《交大法学》2023年第2期46-58,共13页SJTU Law Review

摘　　要：部门规章制定主体应满足承担行政管理职能和维护政令统一的宪法要求。现行《立法法》第80条第1款虽合乎宪法规定,其规范效力却面临挑战。一是在规章制定权的设定上,单行法授予规章制定权与该款形成“双轨制”,不利于法制统一。二是该款规定的具体范围有待完善,行使行政管理职能的党政合署机构、国务院直属事业单位和直属特设机构制定规章的法律依据亦需明确。当前,应遵循宪法所确定的原则,通过修改《立法法》扩大部门规章制定主体的范围,并明确法条授权的功能在于提供事项范围上的依据,建立规范、系统、科学的部门规章制定主体体系。据此,《立法法》在条文设计上需要增设党政合署机构规章条款,并调整国务院部门规章制定主体范围的表述。The constitutional departmental rule legislator should undertake administrative function and maintain the unification of government decrees.However,there is a challenge on the normative effectiveness of Article 80 paragraph 1 of the Legislation Law though it is constitutional.Firstly,a“dual-track system”formed between the delegation by clause and the Legislation Law on the setting of the rule-making power is detrimental to the unification of the legal system.Secondly,the specific scope of the provisions of Article 80 paragraph 1 needs to be improved.The co-working institutes of the Communist Party and government organs,public institutions and ad hoc committee directly under the State Council undertake administrative management,and their legal basis of rule-making power needs to be defined.At the moment,the scope of the departmental rule-makers should be expanded by the amendment of the Legislation Law in accordance with the Constitution.Meanwhile,the function of delegation by clause which is just applied to the authorized item must be clarified in the amendment to establish a normative,rational,and methodical system of departmental rule-makers.As a result,the department rule clause on the co-working institutes of the Communist Party and government organs should be added and the written form of the State Council’s departmental rule-makers needs to be redefined in the text structure of the Legislation Law.

关 键 词：依宪立法 法条授权 党政合署 直属机构 宪法变迁 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]