日粮蛋白质水平对育肥期牦牛生长性能、血清生化与免疫指标及瘤胃发酵特征的影响  

Effects of dietary protein levels on growth performance,serum biochemical and immune indexes,and rumen fermentation characteristics of fattening yaks

作　　者：孙光明 李鑫 索朗扎西 洛桑扎西 索朗 次央 次旦央吉 彭全辉 巴桑旺堆[2] 朱彦宾 SUN Guangming;LI Xin;Suolangzhaxi;Luosangzhaxi;Suolang;Ciyang;Cidanyangi;PENG Quanhui;Basangwangdui;ZHU Yanbin(Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station of Linzhou County,Lhasa 851600,China;Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Lhasa 850009,China;Institute of Animal Nutrition,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition,Ministry of Education,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]拉萨市林周县畜牧兽医站,拉萨851600 [2]西藏自治区农牧科学院畜牧兽医研究所,拉萨850009 [3]四川农业大学动物营养研究所动物抗病营养教育部重点实验室,成都611130

出　　处：《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2023年第4期121-126,共6页Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine

基　　金：区域科技协同创新专项“林周县格桑塘牦牛选育与高效扩繁”(QYXTZX-LS2020-01);西藏自治区重大科技专项“牦牛种业创新与健康养殖”(XZ202101ZD0002N);国家肉牛牦牛产业技术体系项目(CARS-37)。

摘　　要：为了研究日粮蛋白质水平对育肥牦牛的影响,试验采用非配对试验设计,将24头牦牛分成两组(低蛋白质组和高蛋白质组),每组12头,公母各半,低蛋白质组饲喂粗蛋白水平为9.91%的日粮,高蛋白质组饲喂粗蛋白水平为13.89%的日粮,每天早晚各饲喂一次,预试期15 d,正试期56 d,测定各组的生长性能指标(初始重、末重、平均日增重、平均日采食量、料重比)、血清生化指标(总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白水平,葡萄糖、三酰甘油、尿素氮浓度,以及丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶、碱性磷酸酶活性)、血清抗氧化指标(总抗氧化能力,超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性及丙二醛浓度)、血清免疫球蛋白[免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)和免疫球蛋白M(IgM)]水平、血清细胞因子[白细胞介素2(IL-2)、白细胞介素4(IL-4)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、白细胞介素10(IL-10)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)和γ干扰素(IFN-γ)]水平、瘤胃发酵特征参数(pH值,微生物蛋白、氨态氮水平,总挥发性脂肪酸浓度,乙酸、丙酸和丁酸占比,乙酸/丙酸)及营养物质(干物质、有机物、粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维)表观消化率。结果表明:两组牦牛的末重、平均日增重和平均日采食量差异不显著(P>0.05),高蛋白质组料重比显著高于低蛋白质组(P<0.05)。高蛋白质组血清总蛋白和球蛋白水平显著高于低蛋白质组(P<0.05),尿素氮浓度和碱性磷酸酶活性极显著高于低蛋白质组(P<0.01),但两组间血清白蛋白水平,葡萄糖、三酰甘油浓度,以及丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶活性差异不显著(P>0.05)。高蛋白质组血清超氧化物歧化酶活性极显著低于低蛋白质组(P<0.01),但两组间血清总抗氧化能力、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性和丙二醛浓度差异不显著(P>0.05)。两组血清IgA、IgG和IgM水平均差异不显著(P>0.05)。高蛋白质�In order to study the effects of dietary protein level on fattening yaks,24 yaks were divided into two groups(low protein group and high protein group)with 12 yaks in each group by means of unpaired experimental design,half male and half female.The low protein group was fed with a crude protein level of 9.91%,and the high protein group was fed with a crude protein level of 13.89%.They were fed once in the morning and once in the evening.The pretrial period lasted for 15 days and the experimental period lasted for 56 days.The growth performance indicators(initial weight,final weight,average daily gain,average daily feed intake,feed to gain ratio)and serum biochemical indicators(total protein,albumin,globulin levels,glucose,triglyceride,urea nitrogen concentrations,alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,alkaline phosphatase activities),serum antioxidant indicators(total antioxidant capacity,superoxide dismutase,glutathione peroxidase activity and malondialdehyde concentration),serum immunoglobulin(IgA,IgG and IgM)levels,serum cytokines(IL-2,IL-4,IL-6,IL-10,TNF-αand IFN-γ)concentration,ruminal fermentation characteristics parameters(pH value,ammonia nitrogen concentration,total volaile fatty acid concentration,proportion of acetic acid,propionic acid and butyric acid,acetic acid/propionic acid)and nutrient(dry matter,organic matter,crude protein,neutral detergent fiber,acid detergent fiber)apparent digestibility were measured in each group.The results showed that there were no significant differences in the final weight,average daily gain and average daily feed intake between the two groups(P>0.05);the feed to gain ratio of high protein group was significantly higher than that of low protein group(P<0.05).The serum total protein and globulin levels in the high protein level group were significantly higher than those in the low protein level group(P<0.05),and the urea nitrogen concentration and alkaline phosphatase activity were extremely significantly higher than those in the low protein level group(P

关 键 词：育肥期 牦牛 蛋白质水平 尿素氮 抗氧化 细胞因子 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]