冀西北土地利用方式改变对土壤贮水和入渗特征的影响  

Effects of Land Use Change on Soil Water Storage and Infiltration Characteristics in Northwest Hebei

作　　者：杨文姬 曹航 杨新兵[2] 梁世兴 YANG Wen-ji;CAO Hang;YANG Xin-bing(Shanhelin(Beijing)Water and Soil Conservation Technology Limited Company,Beijing 100038;College of Forestry,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding,Hebei 071000)

机构地区：[1]山合林(北京)水土保持技术有限公司,北京100038 [2]河北农业大学林学院,河北保定071000 [3]张家口市涿鹿林场,河北张家口075600

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2023年第3期44-46,51,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中央财政林业科技推广示范资金项目(冀sfq〔2020〕003号)。

摘　　要：为比较土地利用类型对土壤贮水和入渗特征的影响,比较冀西北林地(油松林)、撂荒地和农田的土壤贮水能力、容重、孔隙度和入渗规律差异。结果表明:土壤饱和贮水量排序为林地(352.72 mm)>农田(317.30 mm)>撂荒地(286.30 mm),土壤容重排序为林地(0.95 g/cm^(3))<农田(1.20 g/cm^(3))<撂荒地(1.27 g/cm^(3)),林地的稳渗速率最大为3.55 mm/min,其次是农田(2.53 mm/min)和撂荒地(1.23 mm/min)。土壤孔隙度和贮水量随土壤容重增大而减小,林地与农田的土壤贮水性能明显高于撂荒地。植被对非毛管孔隙(滞留贮水)改善最为明显,对毛管孔隙(吸持贮水)改善的效果较小。林地土壤疏松、入渗速度快,土壤水土保持功能效果最佳,农田撂荒后土壤紧实程度增加,水土保持功能有所下降。研究结果可为退耕还林和农田休耕等政策实施后的土壤水土保持功能评估提供参考。In order to assess the effects of land use on oil infiltration and water-holding characteristics,this paper compares the differences in soil water storage capacity,bulk density,porosity and infiltration law of the forest land(Pinus tabulaeformis forest),abandoned land and farmland in northwest Hebei Province.The results indicated that soil saturated water storage was shown as the sequence of forest land(352.72 mm)>farmland(317.30 mm)>abandoned land(286.30 mm),and the order of soil bulk density was:forest land(0.95 g/cm^(3))<farmland(1.20 g/cm^(3))<abandoned land(1.27 g/cm^(3)),the steady infiltration rate of forest land was largest(3.55 mm/min),followed by farmland(2.53 mm/min)and abandoned land(1.23 mm/min).Soil porosity and water storage decreased with the increasing of soil bulk density,and the soil water storage capacity of forest land and farmland was significantly higher than that of abandoned land.The improvement of vegetation on non-capillary pore(retention water storage)was significant,while it was minimal on the capillary pore(absorption water storage).The infiltration rate was fast in forest land soil as its soil was loose,so it worked best for soil and water conservation.On the contrary,the soil compactness increased after the farmland was abandoned,and the function of soil and water conservation decreased.This study would provide more important primitive reference for the evaluation of soil and water conservation function after the implementation of the policy of returning farmland to forest and farmland fallow.

关 键 词：冀西北 土壤入渗 土壤贮水 土壤容重 土壤孔隙度 

分 类 号：S152.71[农业科学—土壤学]