油菜理想株型研究进展  

Research progress toward the ideal type of rapeseed plant

作　　者：李方一 黄璜[1] 官梅[1,2] 官春云 LI Fang-yi;HUANG Huang;GUAN Mei;GUAN Chun-yun(College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Hunan Branch Center,Na-tional Center for Oil Crop Improvement,Changsha 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]国家油料作物改良中心湖南分中心,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2023年第1期4-16,共13页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-13);湖南省教育厅项目(20C0970)。

摘　　要：本文定义了油菜理想株型的内涵,强调油菜的多功能性和理想株型的功能特定性。油菜理想株型是实现油菜某种特定功能,有利于相关经济效益最大化所具备的植株形态。阐明了油菜单株株型和群体株型两个维度之间的关系。梳理了油菜株型研究的基本脉络,提出油菜理想株型研究的四个阶段:初级阶段、成熟阶段、数字化阶段和分子生物技术阶段。系统构建了油菜株型的指标体系,株型指标包括了根、茎、叶、分枝、花、角果以及冠层结构形态等。归纳并提出了形态测量法、经验总结法、试验统计法、数字模拟法、栽培调控法和遗传改良法的油菜株型研究方法划分,提出了光合效能原理,形态结构原理,源、库、流原理,作物生理原理的油菜株型研究基本原理分类。介绍了基于籽粒丰产、基于机械直播、基于菜用或饲用、基于观赏性的四种典型油菜理想株型特征和内涵。分析了油菜株型研究存在的不足,并对油菜理想株型的基本特征、建构策略和研究趋势进行了讨论和展望。This paper defines the connotation of ideal type of rapeseed(Brassica napus) plant and emphasizes the multi-functionality of rapeseed and the functional specificity of its ideal type of plant. The ideal type of rapeseed is defined as the plant form that realizes some function of rapeseed and facilitates the maximization of relevant economic benefits. The relationship between the two dimensions of plant type per plant and population was clarified. The basic context of research on the type of rapeseed plants was combed, and four stages of research on the types of ideal rapeseeds were introduced, including the primary, mature, digital and molecular biotechnology stages.An index system of the types of rapeseed plants was constructed, including the roots, stems, leaves, branches, flowers, pods and canopy structure. These structures were summarized and examined by morphometry, summarization of the experiment, experimental statistics, digital simulation, cultivation regulation and genetic improvements in plant type. A classification of the basic principles for research on the types of rape plants was proposed, including those of photosynthetic efficiency, morphological structure, source-sink-flow, and principles of crop physiology. The characteristics and connotation of four typical types of ideal rapeseed based on high grain yield, mechanical direct seeding,vegetable or forage, and ornamental properties were introduced. The shortcomings in the study of rapeseed plant types were analyzed, the basic characteristics, construction strategies and the research trend of ideal type of rapeseed plant were discussed and proposed.

关 键 词：油菜 理想株型 高产 机械直播 菜用 饲用 观赏性 

分 类 号：S33[农业科学—作物遗传育种]