我国油菜品种登记与推广现状分析  

Current status of registration and extension of rapeseed varieties in China

作　　者：李荣德 何平[2] 史梦雅[1] 侯乾 胡琼[2] 孙海艳[1] LI Rong-de;HE Ping;SHI Meng-ya;HOU Qian;HU Qiong;SUN Hai-yan(National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center,Beijing 100125,China;Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430062,China)

机构地区：[1]全国农业技术推广服务中心,北京100125 [2]中国农业科学院油料作物研究所/农业农村部油料作物生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,湖北武汉430062

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2023年第1期17-22,共6页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：湖北省产业体系(HBHZD-ZB-2020-005);中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目。

摘　　要：依据《中华人民共和国种子法》,从2017年5月起,我国对油菜品种由原来的审定管理改为登记管理。截至2021年7月,我国共登记油菜品种1212个。为掌握我国油菜品种选育水平,围绕产业需求指明育种创新方向,更好地发挥品种登记制度作用,本文分析了我国油菜登记品种现状,提出了有关建议。研究发现,登记品种中新选育品种占比近一半,几乎全部为国内自主选育品种(仅1个为境外引进),主要由主产区省份登记,以甘蓝型杂交品种为主,抗寒性受到更多关注,抗病性增强,含油量提升明显,品质明显改良,但也存在多数品种未申请品种权保护、短生育期品种较少等问题。针对存在的问题,围绕产业发展需求,本文建议在完善品种登记制度的基础上,要尽快修订品种登记办法及指南,加强事后监管;在品种选育创新方向上,要加强生育期短、适宜机械化种植和菜用、肥用、饲用等多用途品种的选育,从而推动我国油菜产业高质量发展。According to the Seed Law of the People’s Republic of China,since May 2017, China has changed the original approval management of rapeseed varieties to registration management. Up to July 2021, a total of 1212 rapeseed varieties have been registered in China. In order to reveal the rapeseed breeding level and to perfect the function of variety registration system, it was reviewed on current situation of rapeseed varieties registered in China with suggestions. Based on the data, nearly half of the registered varieties were newly bred, mainly self bred Brassica napus hybrid varieties(except one from abroad), registered in provinces of the main production areas. Cold resistance trait received more attention. Disease resistance was enhanced. Oil content was significantly improved, and the quality was significantly improved as well. Problems included that most varieties were not applied for variety right protection, few varieties had short growth period which was becoming important. Thus we suggested to improve the process of variety registration system, including to revise the registration rules and guidelines soon. Considering the breeding direction, we suggested to strengthen the breeding on 3 features: short growth period, mechanized planting, and multifunction(for vegetable, green fertilizer and forage, etc.) for promoting high-quality development of China’s rapeseed industry.

关 键 词：油菜 品种登记 推广 现状分析 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]