利用SSR标记研究甘蓝型油菜叶绿体基因组DNA多态性  

Chloroplast DNA polymorphism of Brassica napus using SSR markers

作　　者：陈碧云[1] 吕培军[1] 许鲲[1] 伍晓明[1] CHEN Bi-yun;LYU Pei-jun;XU Kun;WU Xiao-ming(Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430062,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院油料作物研究所,农业农村部油料作物生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,湖北武汉430062

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2023年第1期46-55,共10页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：农业农村部保种项目(2021-19210163、2021-19211041、2021-19210876)。

摘　　要：叶绿体基因组具有母性遗传、单倍性、高度的保守性和明显的种内差异等特点。研究不同品种叶绿体基因多样化程度,可为甘蓝型油菜的收集与引种及遗传改良提供指导。利用15对特异性叶绿体SSR标记对287份国内外甘蓝型油菜叶绿体基因组多样性进行了分析,结果显示,在15对叶绿体SSR特异引物中,5对引物扩增产生多态性条带合计19条,平均每对引物检测出3.8条多态性条带;287份材料共划分成14个单倍型,优势单倍型H01占比74.91%、H02占比13.59%、H03占比4.88%,其余11种单倍型(H04-H14)占比合计6.62%;H02为波里马、陕2A胞质类型,为中国特有单倍型;国外甘蓝型油菜中,俄罗斯与瑞典的单倍型较丰富,引进俄罗斯与瑞典的资源能更高效拓宽中国甘蓝型油菜的遗传多样性本底。本研究还获得2对引物(MF-4和ccmp2)得到特异条带,并为此建立了快速鉴定波里马、陕2A胞质类型的方法,为波里马与陕2A细胞质类型材料的鉴定与保护提供了方法。Chloroplast genome is characterized by its maternal inheritance, haplotype, high conservation, and distinct intraspecific differences. To facilitate germplasm collection and introduction of rapeseed(Brassica napus L.), chloroplast DNA diversity was investigated using different B. napus varieties. Global collection of 287 B. napus materials was evaluated using specific chloroplast SSR markers. Among the 15 chloroplast specific SSR-specific primer pairs, 5 pairs produced 19 polymorphic bands with the average of 3.8. Using the 19 polymorphic bands, 287materials were divided into 14 haplotypes. Among them, the more prevalent haplotypes of H01, H02 and H03 occupied 74.91%, 13.59%, and 4.88%, respectively, while the other 11 haplotypes(H04-H14) accounted for 6.62%.Haplotype H02, a unique haplotype to China is cytoplasmic type of Polima or Shaan2A. In the foreign B. napus varieties, those from Russia or Sweden had more abundant haplotypes than those from other countries. Therefore introduction of resources from Russia or Sweden could efficiently broaden the genetic diversity background of Chinese B.napus varieties. Moreover, a rapid identification of Polima and Shaan2A cytoplasmic types was also established through 2 specific bands amplified by MF-4 and ccmp2 primer pairs, which provided methods for identification of Polima and Shaan2A cytoplasmic type.

关 键 词：甘蓝型油菜 叶绿体SSR DNA多态性 单倍型 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]