微垄和地膜覆土对旱地胡麻生长发育及籽粒产量形成的影响  

Effects of micro-ridge and film covering on growth, development and grain yield formation of oilseed flax in dryland

作　　者：张雪 王一帆 高玉红[1,2] 李春春 彭之东[3] 王海娣 崔政军 王瑛泽[1] 马幸康 ZHANG Xue;WANG Yi-fan;GAO Yu-hong;LI Chun-chun;PENG Zhi-dong;WANG Hai-di;CUI Zheng-jun;WANG Ying-ze;MA Xing-kang(Agronomy College,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science,Lanzhou 730070,China;Sorghum Research Institute of Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong 030600,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070 [3]山西农业大学高粱研究所,山西晋中030600

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2023年第1期198-208,共11页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-14-1-16);甘肃省高等学校创新基金项目(2021A-059);中央引导地方科技发展专项基金(ZCYD-2021-12);甘肃农业大学干旱生境作物学重点实验室主任基金课题(GSCS-2020-Z6);甘肃农业大学伏羲杰出人才项目(Gaufx-02J05)。

摘　　要：为探讨不同起垄方式和地膜覆土对胡麻生长发育及籽粒产量形成的影响,分别于2016和2017年胡麻生长季,以传统露地条播为对照(CK),研究了全膜微垄覆土穴播、全膜微垄不覆土穴播、全膜平作覆土穴播和全膜平作不覆土穴播4种种植方式对胡麻出苗率、株高、茎粗、干物质积累量、生长速率和籽粒产量的影响。结果表明:微垄方式改善了胡麻生长发育状况,出苗率显著高于CK,干物质积累量在苗期至现蕾期以微垄不覆土处理最高,盛花期至成熟期以微垄覆土处理最高,分别较CK平均高出39.3%~69.8%和36.0%~53.7%。微垄覆土模式下籽粒产量较CK显著提高26.8%。关联度分析可知,影响胡麻籽粒产量的主导因素为蒴果数和果粒数。相关分析结果显示,胡麻籽粒产量与产量构成因子、干物质积累量均呈显著正相关关系。表明微垄覆土与不覆土穴播方式均能够显著提高胡麻出苗率,促进干物质积累,增加胡麻单株蒴果数和果粒数,提高籽粒产量,是半干旱旱作农业区胡麻适宜的种植模式。In order to investigate the growth development and grain yield formation of oilseed flax under different ridging modes and plastic film mulching modes in dryland, four different planting modes(including film mulching and micro-ridge with soil covering, film mulching and micro-ridge with no soil covering, film mulching and flat planting with soil covering, film mulching and flat planting with no soil covering) were set, and the seedling emergence rate, plant height, stem diameter, dry matter accumulation, growth rate and grain yield of oilseed flax were studied using conventional open field strip sowing as the control(CK) in the growth season of oilseed flax from 2016 to 2017. The results showed that micro-ridge improved the growth and development of flax, the seedling emergence rate was significantly higher than that of CK, dry matter accumulation was the highest under micro-ridge with no soil covering treatments from seedling to budding stage and the highest under the micro-ridge with soil covering from anthesis to maturity stage, which were 39.3%-69.8% and 36.0%-53.7% higher than that of CK, respectively.The grain yield of oilseed flax under the micro-ridge with soil covering treatment was significantly higher than that of CK by 26.8%. The correlation analysis showed that the dominant factors affecting the grain yield of oilseed flax were the number of capsules and the number of grains. The results of correlation analysis showed that the grain yield of oilseed flax was significantly and positively correlated with grain yield components and dry matter accumulation. The results indicated that the micro-ridge with soil covering and hole sowing without soil could significantly improve the emergence rate of oilseed flax, promote dry matter accumulation, increase the number of capsules and grains per plant,and improve grain yield, which was a suitable planting mode of oilseed flax in dryland agricultural area.

关 键 词：胡麻 微垄 地膜覆土 生长发育 籽粒产量 

分 类 号：S565.9[农业科学—作物学]