中国领事保护机制建设的成效评估与改进方向  

China’s Consular Protection System: Evaluation and Policy Suggestions

作　　者：夏莉萍[1,2] Xia liping

机构地区：[1]外交学院 [2]北京对外交流与外事管理研究基地,北京100037

出　　处：《国际论坛》2023年第1期54-68,156,157,共17页International Forum

基　　金：国家社科基金重大课题“完善我国领事保护制度研究”(项目批准号:20&ZD206);“新时代中国特色大国外交能力建设研究”(项目批准号:19ZDA135)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：中国领事保护机制建设是一个多方参与的过程,主要建设内容包括预警防范机制和应急处置机制。海外中国公民是中国领事保护的服务对象,他们的反馈意见对于了解中国领事保护机制建设的现状及研究如何改进非常重要。对海外中国公民所进行的问卷调查和与有关人员的访谈结果表明,“中央、地方、驻外使领馆、企业和公民个人”五位一体的中国领事保护机制建设的成效比较明显。中国官方渠道发布的海外安全提醒受到海外中国公民的广泛关注;公民个人掌握了基本的安全保护知识,团结互助的意识较强;公民团体搭建了安全信息交流和预警平台;海外中资企业采取多项预防性措施保护海外员工安全;中国驻外使领馆与当地海外中国公民之间的联络渠道比较通畅,紧急信息的传递有所保障;海外中国公民团体在应急处置方面发挥积极作用;紧急求助渠道多元化。未来中国领事保护机制建设可改进的方向包括:建立相应的监管或惩戒机制以强化海外安全提醒的实际效用;细化海外安全提醒信息发布并建立相关的公众反馈机制;充分利用科技手段更加科学地防范海外安全风险;加大对有关法律法规和12308热线的宣传力度;进一步挖掘非政府力量参与领事保护机制建设的潜力等。A process involving multiple parties, China’s consular protection system mainly consists of an early-warning system and an emergency response mechanism. As Chinese citizens overseas are the people China’s consular protection system seeks to serve, their feedback is very important for understanding the current state of the consular protection system and for studying how to improve it. An analysis of questionnaires and interviews administered with overseas Chinese citizens shows that China’s “five-inone” consular protection system involving “the central government, local governments, embassies and consulates abroad, enterprises and individual citizens” has achieved remarkable results. There has been widespread positive reaction by Chinese citizens overseas to the security alerts put out by the Chinese government through official channels. Chinese citizens are now knowledgeable about the basics of how to protect themselves, and are more willing to help each other. Civil society groups have worked to set up platforms for the exchange of security information and for early warning. Chinese enterprises overseas have taken multiple precautionary steps to protect the safety of their employees abroad. There are now effective channels for communication between Chinese embassies and citizens abroad so that the transmission of emergent messages can be guaranteed. Civil society groups organized by Chinese citizens overseas are playing an active part in emergent situations. In the future, China’s consular protection system can be improved upon in the following ways: establishing supervision or punishment mechanisms to strengthen the practical effectiveness of overseas security alerts;finetuning the release of overseas safety alerts, and establishing a public feedback mechanism;using data analysis to prevent overseas security risks in a more scientific way;increasing the publicity of the relevant laws and regulations and raising the profile of the 12308 Global Consular Protection and Service Emergency Hotline, an

关 键 词：中国领事保护机制 海外中国公民 应急处置机制 预警防范机制 

分 类 号：D81[政治法律—国际关系]