秦汉时期容量石和重量石别论  

A Distinct Disscusion of the Capacity SHI(石)and the Weight SHI(石)of the Qin and Han Dynasties

作　　者：付开镜[1] FU Kaijing(Institute of Wei-Jin Culture,Xuchang University,Xuchang 461000,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]许昌学院魏晋文化研究所,河南许昌461000

出　　处：《咸阳师范学院学报》2023年第1期27-33,共7页Journal of Xianyang Normal University

摘　　要：容量石和重量石是石器时代先民创制的石质量器和衡器,同时兼有容量单位和重量单位的功能,二者均因使用石质材料制造而得名。容量石不是由重量石衍生出来的,而是独立产生的。容量石主要用于测量小型颗粒类的五谷和必须用容器储存的液体物质,后因其为石质材料难以伪造,不易改变,并能够长久保存而为社会广泛认可,遂成为容量单位。重量石因与容量石具有上述相同的特点而成为衡量单位。两种计量单位在特定的条件下,产生了较为固定的换算比例关系。新莽时为避免二者混淆,改容量石为斛,此后政府文书多以斛代石,但民间依然大量使用容量石来进行计量和商品交换。The capacity SHI(石)and the weight SHI(石)were the stone measuring and weighing vessels created by the ancestors of the Stone Age,both of which have the function of capacity unit and weight unit,both of which are named for the use of stone materials.They may appear sooner or later,but the capacity SHI(石)is not derived from the weight SHI(石),and produced independently.The capacity SHI(石)is mainly used to measure the grain size of small granular grains and the amount of liquid mate-rial that must be stored in a container,which is widely accepted in the community because it is hard to forge or to change and can be preserved for a long time as a stone material,so it becomes a unit of capaci-ty.The weight SHI(石)and the capacity SHI(石)have the above-mentioned identical characteristics,and then becomes the measure unit.Therefore,the two units of measurement in specific conditions have a relatively fixed conversion ratio.In order to avoid confusion,people in the period of Xinmang changed the capacity stone to Hu,a measuring vessel.Since then,most governmental documents used Hu instead of stone,but people still used the capacity stone in measuring and exchanging commodities.

关 键 词：容量石 重量石 石器 比例 

分 类 号：K234[历史地理—历史学]