低生育率下我国生育健康的挑战与展望  

Challenges and prospects of fertility health under low fertility

作　　者：茅倬彦 李宁[1] Mao Zhuoyan;Li Ning(School of Labor Economics,Capital University of Economics and Business,Beijing 100070,China)

机构地区：[1]首都经济贸易大学劳动经济学院,北京100070

出　　处：《中华生殖与避孕杂志》2023年第1期13-18,共6页Chinese Journal of Reproduction and Contraception

摘　　要：低生育率成为我国经济社会发展需要考虑的人口基本特征。生育健康并非孤立存在,而受到人们婚育观念和行为的影响。低生育率下人们婚育观念和行为已发生了深刻复杂的变化,必将引发生育健康领域的新问题。本研究从人口学视角分析年轻一代婚育观念和行为变化特征,并分析这些特征带来的生育健康领域的一系列新挑战,突出表现在,已婚和未婚人群避孕服务需求更为多元和迫切,人工流产形势更加严峻;剖宫产率上升,分娩镇痛需求更为强烈;出生缺陷防治难度增加,产后抑郁风险增加;不孕不育率不断上升,辅助生殖需求不断扩容。鉴于这些新挑战,本文针对当前和未来一个时期的生育健康的卫生政策制定、卫生服务和医学技术发展提出了宏观思路。Low fertility rate has become a basic demographic factor that needs to be considered in Chinese economic and social development.Reproductive health does not exist in isolation,but is influenced by people's concepts and behaviors of marriage and childbearing.Under the low fertility rate,people's concepts and behaviors of marriage and childbearing have undergone profound and complex changes,which will inevitably lead to new problems in the field of reproductive health.From the perspective of demography,this study analyzed the changing characteristics of marriage and childbearing concepts and behaviors of the young generation,and analyzed a series of new challenges brought by these characteristics in the field of reproductive health.The prominent features are that married and unmarried people have more diversified and urgent needs for contraceptive services,and the situation of induced abortion is more severe.The rate of cesarean section increased,and the need for analgesia in childbirth became more intense;increased difficulty in preventing birth defects and increased risk of postpartum depression;the infertility rate is rising,and the need for assisted reproduction is increasing.In view of these new challenges,this paper proposed macro ideas for health policy formulation,health services and medical technology development of reproductive health in the current and future periods.

关 键 词：生育健康 低生育率 卫生政策 

分 类 号：R169.1[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]