障碍物对鳙幼鱼游泳行为的影响  

Effect of obstacles on swimming kinematics in juvenile bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis)

作　　者：罗金梅 石小涛[1] 陶宇 姜泽文 李冬晴 焦易林 季怀耀 胡晓[1] 柯森繁 LUO Jin-mei;SHI Xiao-tao;TAO Yu;JIANG Ze-wen;LI Dong-qing;JIAO Yi-lin;JI Huai-yao;HU Xiao;KE Sen-fan(Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Fish Passage,Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省鱼类过坝技术国际科技合作基地,三峡大学,湖北宜昌443002

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2023年第2期352-360,共9页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金优秀青年科学基金项目(51922065);湖北省高等学校优秀中青年科技创新团队计划项目(T201703)资助。

摘　　要：天然河道底部的障碍物形成了复杂的水流环境,洄游鱼类对复杂水流环境的响应行为对于鱼能否上行或下行通过障碍物并完成生活史至关重要。本研究在封闭水槽中采用递增流速法测试了鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)幼鱼在不同障碍物型式下的临界游泳速度,结果表明:鳙幼鱼在自由来流、圆柱和半圆柱下的临界游泳能力无显著性差异(P>0.05),而方柱下鳙幼鱼的临界游泳能力显著降低(P<0.05);鳙幼鱼受障碍物下游复杂流场影响表现出3个特征游泳姿态,依此划分出3个位置区间;为了分析方柱下游泳能力下降的原因,统计了不同流速下鳙幼鱼在3个位置区间所占的时间百分比,并提取了相应的游泳动力学指标,包括摆尾频率、摆尾幅度、鱼头侧向最大加速度、鱼身侧向最大加速度、身体波动速度、身体波长和鱼头最大转角速度;鳙幼鱼在近柱区(障碍物下游6~26 cm;A区)停留时间最长,时间百分比高达63.1%;其次是中区(障碍物下游26~46 cm;B区)为29.1%;远柱区(障碍物下游46~66 cm;C区)最低,为7.8%;不同水流速度下,鳙幼鱼在方柱下游3个位置区间的时间百分比分布也有明显差异,在流速为5.24 BL·s^(-1)(BL为体长)时,鳙幼鱼在A区停留时间高达30.3%;通过比较鳙幼鱼在方柱下游3个位置区间的游泳动力学指标发现:当流速为5.24 BL·s^(-1)时,鳙幼鱼在A区的摆尾频率和身体波动速度显著低于B区和C区(P<0.05);摆尾幅度、鱼头侧向最大加速度、鱼身侧向最大加速度和鱼头最大转角速度显著高于B区和C区(P<0.05)。本研究从游泳策略和游泳动力学的角度,发现方柱和流速的特殊组合在柱后形成复杂流态,增加游泳能量消耗,导致了鳙幼鱼的游泳能力下降。本研究可为洄游鱼类上下行通过障碍物时底部障碍物的设计提供参考。The complex flow environment is formed by the obstacles at the bottom of natural river channels. The behavior of fish with migration demand in response to the complex flow environment is important for fish to complete life cycle upstream or downstream through obstacles. The critical swimming capability of juvenile bighead carp(Aristichthys nobilis) was tested under different obstacle types in a closed tank by increasing velocity method. The results showed that there was no significant difference in critical swimming capability of juvenile bighead carp among free stream, cylinder, and semi-cylinder conditions(P>0.05), but that of juvenile bighead carp under square-cylinder decreased significantly(P<0.05). Affected by the complex flow field downstream of the obstacle, the juvenile bighead carp showed three characteristic swimming postures, which could be divided into three position areas. To analyze the causes of the decline of swimming ability under the square-cylinder, the time percentage of the juvenile bighead carp in the three position areas under different flow velocities was counted, and the corresponding swimming kinematic indices were extracted, including tail-beat frequency, tail-beat amplitude, maximum head lateral acceleration, maximum body lateral acceleration, body wave speed, body wavelength, and maximum head angle speed. The results showed that the juvenile bighead carp in the near cylinder area(6-26 cm downstream of the obstacle;area A) had the longest residence time, with a time percentage of 63.1%;the second was in the middle area(26-46 cm downstream of the obstacle;area B), with a time percentage of 29.1%;the far cylinder area(46-66 cm downstream of the obstacle;area C) had the lowest residence time, with a time percentage of 7.8%. The time percentage distribution of juvenile bighead carp in the three position areas downstream of the square-cylinder was significantly different under different flow velocities. At the flow velocity of 5.24 BL·s^(-1), the residence time of juvenile bighead carp in

关 键 词：方柱 水流速度 临界游泳速度 游泳动力学 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]