废铅酸蓄电池铅膏中物理性杂质的精细分离  

Fine separation of physical impurities from spent lead paste in lead-acid batteries

作　　者：杨翠婷 陈彪 张俊丰 曹靖[2] 黄妍 YANG Cuiting;CHEN Biao;ZHANG Junfeng;CAO Jing;HUANG Yan(College of Environment and Resources,Xiangtan University,Xiangtan 411105,China;College of Chemistry,Xiangtan University,Xiangtan 411105,China)

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学环境与资源学院,湖南湘潭411105 [2]湘潭大学化学学院,湖南湘潭411105

出　　处：《中国有色冶金》2023年第1期16-23,共8页China Nonferrous Metallurgy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(52070159);湖南省高新技术产业科技创新引领计划(2021GK4061)。

摘　　要：废铅酸蓄电池铅膏中物理性杂质(塑料、铅栅/粉和纤维)含量多,对铅膏颗粒的黏连强、难分离,会对铅膏免冶炼回收过程产生重要影响。本文以烷基酚聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚(APEP)作为分散剂,对废铅膏颗粒进行分散,并设计双旋流强制分散装置和混动力精细筛分装置对物理性杂质进行精细分离。通过考察APEP添加量、pH值及装置参数对分离效果的影响,发现APEP用量为0.1 mg/L、pH值为5.0时,乳化分散效果较好,废铅膏的Zeta电位达到22.5 mV,平均粒径仅为3.2μm;在此条件下进一步优化设备参数,当混合物进口流速和气含率分别为8 m/s和15%、回旋频率和压缩空气量分别为50次/min和2.5 m^(3)/h时,塑料、铅栅/粉和纤维的去除率分别可达到99.75%、82.54%和99.65%,各分离物对铅膏的夹带率仅为0.17%、0.06%和0.36%。该研究为再生铅行业提供了一条生产净铅膏稳定可靠高效的方法,为铅膏免冶炼回收技术的应用提供了有利条件。There are a lot of physical impurities(plastic,lead grid/powder and fiber)in the lead paste of spent lead battery,which have strong adhesion to the lead paste particles and are difficult to separate,which has an important impact on smelting-free recovery process of lead paste.In this paper,alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether(APEP)is used as dispersant to disperse the waste lead paste particles,and a double-cyclone forced dispersion device and a hybrid power fine screening device are designed to carry out fine separation of physical impurities.The effects of APEP addition,pH value and device parameters on the separation effect were investigated,and the results showed when the APEP dosage was 0.1 mg/L and pH was 5.0,the emulsification and dispersion effect was better;the Zeta potential of the waste lead paste reached 22.5 mV,and the average particle size was only 3.2μm;the equipment parameters were further optimized under these conditions,and when the mixture inlet flow rate and gas content rate were 8 m/s and 15%,and the gyration frequency and compressed air volume were 50 times/min and 2.5 m^(3)/h,the removal rates of plastic,lead grid/powder and fiber could reach 99.75%,82.54%and 99.65%,respectively,the entrainment rates to lead paste were also only 0.17%,0.06%and 0.36%.The paper provides a stable,reliable and efficient method for producing pure lead paste for the regenerated lead industry,and provides favorable conditions for the application of lead-paste smelting free recovery technology.

关 键 词：废铅酸蓄电池 铅膏 物理性杂质 乳化分散 精细分离 免冶炼 APEP ZETA电位 

分 类 号：X758[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TM912[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动] TF812[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]