祁连山北麓生态移民工程问题分析与政策建议  

Implementation problems and policy suggestions of ecological migration project in north slope of Qilian Mountain

作　　者：刘洋 王娅 杨国靖 周立华 Liu Yang;Wang Ya;Yang Guojing;Zhou Lihua(Institute of Science and Development,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;School of Public Policy and Management,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学公共政策与管理学院,北京100049 [3]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院沙漠与沙漠化重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [4]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院内陆河流域生态水文重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2023年第1期37-47,共11页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0404);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA20020401)。

摘　　要：作为河西走廊内陆河流的主要发源地,祁连山维系着河西走廊绿洲的生存和发展。在祁连山国家公园建设背景下,作为解决生态脆弱区自然-经济系统不协调的重要举措,生态移民工程兼具生态保护和消除贫困的双重目标,其实施效益及后续提升成为当前关注的热点问题。根据文献分析和在武威市的实地调研结果,本文在生态移民概念辨析与研究动向的理论梳理基础上,对祁连山北麓生态移民工程实施过程、存在问题及后续政策建议进行了分析。结果表明:(1)该地区易地扶贫搬迁移民属于生态移民,迁入区后续经济发展和移民可持续生计是研究关注重点。(2)生态移民发端早,形式上以易地扶贫搬迁为主,实施地区以武威市为主,移民民族和生计方式多样化,以移民新村(小城镇)集中有土安置为主,具有较强典型性。(3)在取得生态、经济和社会效益的同时,也存在移民参与工程规划的程度低、搬迁过程中政策福利差距未能较好控制、后续产业发展滞后、人居环境建设不完善等贯穿于工程实施全过程的问题,影响到工程的公平和效益。(4)自然条件、产业基础、文化水平是影响工程效益的关键因素,凸显生态移民政策的公共价值,客观认识落后地区经济发展障碍,是解决工程症结的关键。(5)未来要确保移民参与工程规划的制定、工程时段上的相对稳定性和移民主体间适度的差异性、加强对基层政府的监督以提高工程的公平性;在为移民生计资本提供支持的基础上,分类施策保障充分就业以提高工程经济效益,加强移民社区人居环境建设与管理,以提高工程生态和社会效益。As the main source of inland rivers in Hexi Corridor,the northern slope of Qilian Mountain maintains the existence and development of oasis in Hexi Corridor.Under the background of the construction of Qilian Mountain National Park,as an important measure to solve the disharmony of natural-economic system in ecologically fragile areas,the ecological migration project has the dual objectives of ecological protection and poverty eradication,and its implementation benefits and follow-up improvement have become one of hot issues concerned at present.According to literature analysis and the results of field survey in Wuwei City,based on the theoretical analysis of the concept of ecological migration and research trends,this paper analyzes the implementation process,existing problems and follow-up policy recommendations of the ecological migration project on the northern slope of Qilian Mountains.The result shows that:(1)The relocation for poverty alleviation in this area belongs to ecological migration,and the follow-up economic development and sustainable livelihood of migrants of in-migration area are the research focus.(2)The ecological migration started early,shows mainly as the form of the relocation for poverty alleviation,implements mainly in Wuwei City.Migrants have diversified ethnic groups and livelihood modes,and are mainly concentrated in new immigrant villages(small towns)with land,which causes strong typicality of this area.(3)At the same time of achieving ecological,economic and social benefits,there are also problems throughout the full process of project implementation.for example,migrant participation in the project planning is at low degree,the gap of welfare of policy is not well controlled in the relocation process,the follow-up industry development is lagging behind,and the construction of human settlement environment is not perfect,which affects the fairness and benefit of the project.(4)Natural conditions,industrial base and cultural level are the key factors of project benefits.Highlighting the

关 键 词：生态移民工程 问题 对策 公平与效益 祁连山北麓 

分 类 号：F062.2[经济管理—政治经济学]