排风方式对高速列车客室内气流组织和呼吸污染物扩散特性的影响  

Effects of exhaust methods on air distribution and respiratory pollutants diffusion characteristics in high-speed train compartments

作　　者：吴松波 李田[1,2] 易彩 张继业 张卫华[1] WU SongBo;LI Tian;YI Cai;ZHANG JiYe;ZHANG WeiHua(State Key Laboratory of Traction Power,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China;Key Laboratory of Urban Rail Transit Intelligent Operation and Maintenance Technology&Equipment of Zhejiang Province,Jinhua 321000,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室,成都610031 [2]浙江省城市轨道交通智能运维技术与装备重点实验室,金华321000

出　　处：《中国科学：技术科学》2023年第1期101-111,共11页Scientia Sinica(Technologica)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(编号:2020YFA0710902);浙江省城市轨道交通智能运维技术与装备重点实验室开放基金(编号:ZSDRTKF2021004)资助项目。

摘　　要：高速列车载客量大、运行时间长,通风系统的优化设计对于提高乘车舒适性和客室空气品质具有重要意义.基于计算流体动力学理论(CFD),建立了满载工况的全尺寸车厢模型.以客室顶部中间送风为例,针对两端排风、下端排风、上端排风以及改变两侧排风流量比的上端排风,对比分析了客室内的流场结构以及呼吸污染物扩散特性.采用不均匀系数、能量利用系数、通风效率指标进行评价分析.结果表明,采用改进后的上端排风方式时,客室内的综合评价指标最优,室内平均浓度不足500 ppm(parts per million),稀释倍数超过10000倍.当乘客与污染源向前间隔超过两排或者向后间隔超过一排时,污染物浓度降低至500 ppm以下,可以有效控制前后扩散距离.根据污染物扩散规律,为进一步阻止乘客之间的交叉传播,应避免第B列与第C列乘客相邻乘坐.A high-speed train has a large passenger volume and long running time.The optimized design of the ventilation system is of great importance to improve the car comfort and air quality in the passenger compartment.Therefore,this study establishes a full-scale car model with full load conditions based on the theory of computational fluid dynamics.The middle air supply at the top of the passenger compartment was considered as an example,the flow field structure and respiratory pollutants diffusion characteristics in the passenger compartment under the exhaust air at both ends,lower and upper exhausts,upper exhaust mode that changes the ratio of the exhaust flow on both sides were compared and analyzed.The nonuniformity coefficient,energy utilization coefficient,and ventilation efficiency indicators are used for evaluation and analysis.The results show that when the improved upper exhaust method is adopted,the comprehensive evaluation index in the passenger compartment is the best;the average indoor concentration is less than 500 ppm(parts per million);the dilution factor exceeds 10000 times.When passengers and pollution sources are separated by more than two-row forward or one-row backward,the pollutant concentration is less than 500 ppm,effectively controlling the front and rear diffusion distance.According to the law of pollutant diffusion,passengers in rows B and C should be avoided to ride next to each other to prevent cross-spread among passengers.

关 键 词：高速列车 示踪气体 室内流场 污染物扩散 数值模拟 

分 类 号：U270.1[机械工程—车辆工程]