《维西见闻纪》呈现的滇西北多民族交融与发展  

Presented in Weixi Jianwen Ji Muliti-ethnic Integration and Development in Northwest Yunnan

作　　者：韩彦 Han Yan(The Research Base of the Consolidation of Chinese National Community Consciousness,Jinan University,Shenzhen,510632,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]暨南大学(中央四部委)铸牢中华民族共同体意识研究基地,广州510632 [2]云南大学博士后流动站

出　　处：《民族学刊》2022年第9期33-43,156,共12页Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中国古代民族志文献整理与研究”(12&ZD136);国家社科基金·中国历史研究院重大研究专项(“兰台学术计划”)委托项目“明清时期中华民族的形成及其历史意义”(20@WTH021)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：清乾隆年间,余庆远随其兄至云南维西,根据在维西亲历见闻撰成《维西见闻纪》一书,记录了当时维西地方山川风貌、气候特征、道路交通、物产器用、民族种类、分布与源流、宗教信仰等情况,反映了清代维西多民族聚居、多元文化并存的特点,是一部有关清代维西地方的重要民族志文献。通过对该书多民族文化记述的梳理、分析,并结合田野调查,比较滇西北纳西、傈僳、藏民族文化的古今异同,探讨滇西北地区多民族社会的交融发展。从余庆远的《维西见闻纪》记录的多民族文化概况到目前滇西北藏族、傈僳族等民族的发展,不仅详细了解到了历史上维西境域内多个族群的文化形态及人们的生活状态,而且通过这些民族当今的状态,可以看到他们文化发展的轨迹及社会变迁的历程。二百多年来,滇西北诸多族群既保持着各自的文化传统(宗教、生产、建筑、饮食、语言等方面),又有所发展和变化。在国家话语、民族交往交流交融、地方文化重构等多种因素的影响下,当地族群在保持传统的同时,又不断地发展与变化。他们依据自身的能动性来适应着社会文化的变迁与发展,从而呈现出多元文化、多民族和谐共生的形态。The Historical ethnography Weixi Jianwen Ji(What One Sees and Hears from Weixi)is an important document describing ethnic cultures in Weixi county,northwest Yunnan,during the Qing Dynasty.Yu Qingyuan,the author of this book,took advantage of his brother—who was the head of bureaucracy in Weixi during the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty—to explore the region,meet with the local people,and fully investigate and interview the ethnic groups,their products,customs,and cultures.The travelogue reports on the local mountains and rivers,climate characteristics,road traffic,products and utensils,ethnic distribution,religious beliefs,and other aspects in Weixi at that time,reflecting the characteristics of a multi-ethnic settlement and multi-cultural coexistence in Weixi during the Qing Dynasty.It describes in detail the geographical distribution and cultural characteristics of six ethnic groups,such as the Mosuo(the Naxi),the Guzong(Tibetan),the Nama(a branch of the Bai),the Baju(the Pumi),the Lisu,and the Nu.It reflects the location,integration,and development of multiple ethnic groups in the Weixi region at that time,as well as the important influence of Tibetan Buddhism in this region and the characteristics of multiple“sects”.In addition,this piece of literature also traces the development of the Tubo in northwestern Yunnan during the Tang Dynasty,the Naxi Tusi’s expansion in the Weixi area during the Ming Dynasty,and the resulting ethnic migration and blending,displaying the historical timeline of local ethnic migration,distribution,development,and integration,providing keys to understanding and exploring the culture of the multi-ethnic northwestern Yunnan civilization.Combing through and analyzing the ethnographic text of Weixi Jianwen Ji,combined with an indepth and detailed field investigation in this area,this paper tries to make a comparative study of ancient and modern differences and similarities of the multi-ethnic social culture in northwestern Yunnan and discusses the process and deve

关 键 词：《维西见闻纪》 余庆远 维西 滇西北 多民族交融 

分 类 号：C956[社会学—民族学]