环境社会学微观视角下青藏高原垃圾治理路径探析——以三江源区“捡垃圾”行动为例  

Analysis of the Path of Waste Management on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from the Microscopic Perspective of Environmental Sociology:A Case Study on “Rubbish Picking” in the Sanjiangyuan Area

作　　者：徐君[1] 陈蕴 Xu Jun;Chen Yun(Sichuan University,Chengdu,610064,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学中国藏学研究所,四川成都610064 [2]四川大学国际关系学院、中国西部边疆安全与发展协同创新中心,四川成都610064

出　　处：《民族学刊》2022年第9期72-82,160,共12页Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“三江源生态实践多方合力构建研究”(19BMZ146)阶段性成果;四川大学铸牢中华民族共同体意识研究基地专项基金资助。

摘　　要：垃圾的产生和处理、人与垃圾的关系等是目前环境社会学关注的热点问题,也是从环境社会学微观视角关注个体环境行为的重要领域。文章以在三江源农牧区开展环保实践的两个社会组织为观察对象,借鉴戈夫曼的拟剧论等理论,透视两个环保组织的垃圾治理行动——通过具身性“表演”,催生、培养其志愿者、组织成员和环境他者的垃圾分类与处理意识,调动微观层面个人能动性与当地民众的生态道德伦理,在与地方政府、民众、游客等“观众”进行社会互动中达到传播亲环境行为的目的,促使更多环境主体加入环保实践活动,弥补环境治理中宏观结构与运动式治理之间的缝隙,最终将利他主义和实用主义的捡垃圾行动嵌入地方垃圾治理事项,形成环境治理合力。这是独具三江源区特点的垃圾治理实践,开创了促进青藏高原环境综合整治新模式。Erving Goffman’s theoretical frameworks such as micro-human interaction studies and dramaturgical theory can be useful for reflecting on and examining how to reconfigure the process of micro-human-environmental interaction and its order. In environmental practice the production of everyday concrete pro-environmental behaviors,and their changes,may also influence the ecological self-awareness and environmental actions of the environmental other through ad hoc interactions.Rubbish is a representative material of the daily interaction between people and the environment;the act of properly disposing of rubbish can be considered a pro-environmental behavior,and the individual act of sorting and recycling is the result of interaction with the environmental other.Findings show that,compared to the more noticeable issues of wildlife conservation,rubbish picking on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau has been under-appreciated as an environmental practice that goes beyond the traditional meaning of scavenging and represents a symbolic value of environmental governance. This paper is a result of continuous attention and tracking of environment protection practices and waste management in Sanjiangyuan for nearly 20 years,in addition to volunteer participation in the practice of “rubbish picking”at Sanjiangyuan for two different types of environmental organizations,in-depth observation,and interviews with the leaders and staff of these two organizations,volunteers and local residents,and the collection of their website content,news reports,and other data and information. Drawing on Goffman’s dramaturgical theory,this paper examines how the two environmental organizations’ practice of “rubbish picking ” worked in training volunteers and members of the organizations and enhancing their awareness of ecological and environmental protection. In so doing,it also shows how they influenced and awakened the awareness of ecological and environmental protection among local people,rallying them with traditional ethics,norms and valu

关 键 词：三江源 捡垃圾 垃圾治理 拟剧论 环境微观社会学 

分 类 号：C957[社会学—民族学]