排土场平台-边坡系统沟蚀形态演变与产沙特征  

Characteristics of gully topography and sediment on the platform-steep slope system of spoil dump

作　　者：白芸 康宏亮 王文龙[1,2,6] 速欢 李建明[1,2,4,8] 马春艳 Bai Yun;Kang Hongliang;Wang Wenlong;Su Huan;Li Jianming;Ma Chunyan(The Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education,Yangling 712100,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources,Yangling 712100,China;Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration in Shanbei Mining Area,Yulin University,Yulin 719000,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;School of Land Engineering,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China;State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;Nanjing Water Planning and Designing Institute.Corp.Ltd,Nanjing 210000,China;Soil and Water Conservation Department,Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,Wuhan 430010,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心,杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,杨凌712100 [3]榆林学院陕西省陕北矿区生态修复重点实验室,榆林719000 [4]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [5]长安大学土地工程学院,西安710054 [6]西北农林科技大学黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,杨凌712100 [7]南京市水利规划设计院股份有限公司,南京210000 [8]长江科学院水土保持研究所,武汉430010

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2022年第23期81-90,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41761062,41867015,41701316)。

摘　　要：排土场是露天采矿区主要泥沙来源的人造地貌之一,控制排土场土壤侵蚀对矿区高质量发展具有重要意义。该研究采用野外放水冲刷试验,研究排土场平台-边坡系统沟蚀演变及产沙特征。结果表明:1)沟蚀演变中的主导侵蚀方式存在阶段性转变,侵蚀沟形态发育特征也呈阶段性差异,平台侵蚀沟分为沟头形成阶段,溯源-拓宽阶段和稳定阶段3个发育演变阶段;边坡侵蚀沟依次经历覆土层下切阶段,覆土层拓宽阶段,红土层下切阶段和侵蚀减缓阶段。2)边坡是平台-边坡系统主要沙源,其累积产沙量占平台-边坡系统的88.15%~90.16%;覆土层下切阶段和红土层下切阶段是边坡的主要产沙阶段,其累积产沙量分别占边坡的29.72%~53.36%和19.06%~48.88%。3)平台和边坡侵蚀速率均与径流功率的响应关系较优,在平台沟蚀的溯源-拓宽阶段和稳定阶段为线性响应;在边坡沟蚀的覆土层下切阶段和红土层下切阶段为指数响应,拓宽阶段和侵蚀减缓阶段为线性响应。模型建立中需进一步考虑此种响应规律随沟蚀发育演变产生的变化,研究结果可为排土场水土保持措施布设和科学认识沟蚀过程与特征提供参考。The spoil dumps are the main sediment sources in the open-pit mining area.The erosion control is of great significance to the high-quality development of the energy zone.This article aims to analyze the gully development and sediment process of spoil dumps.The plot construction of platform-steep slope system and field scouring experiments were also carried out,where the flow rate was ranged from 60 to 84 L/min,and the duration was 45 mins each run.The results showed that:1)The gully was developed by the combination of different erosion progresses,including the headcut migration,bed incision,and lateral erosion on the platform-steep slope system.Notably,there were the stage differences in the topographic characteristics of gully,due to the variation of dominant process.A three-stage development was experienced for the gully on the platform,including the headcut formation,migration-expansion,and stable stage.In the gully on the steep slope,four developmental processes were divided into the incision of sandy loam layer,expansion of sandy loam layer,incision of clay loam layer,and deceleration of erosion.No significant differences were found between the various flow rates of gully development speed on the platform.Whereas,the transformed time increased with the flow rate between adjacent gully development stages on the steep slope.2)In terms of sediment process,the migration-expansion stage was the main erosion period on the platform.The incision of sandy and clay loam layer were the main erosion stages on the steep slope,particularly with the accumulated sediment yields accounting for 29.72%-53.36%and 19.06%-48.88%,respectively.Spatially,the runoff shear force and stream power increased by 7.11-120.86 times,and 7.59-239.59 times after the runoff flowed from the platform into the steep slope.Correspondingly,the steep slope was the main sediment source of the platform and steep slope system.The cumulative sediment yield was accounted for 88.15%-90.16%of the total amount of platform and steep slope system.Hence,the sep

关 键 词：土壤 冲刷试验 沟蚀 径流功率 侵蚀演变 排土场 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]