宝鸡市农耕区土壤养分空间变异及其影响因素分析  

Spatial variation of soil nutrients and its influencing factors in Baoji city

作　　者：贾鲁净 杨联安[1,2] 封涌涛[3] 冀泳帆 李亚丽 JIA Lujing;YANG Lian’an;FENG Yongtao;JI Yongfan;LI Yali(Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity,Northwest University,Xi’an 710127;College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Northwest University,Xi’an 710127;Baoji Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center,Baoji 721001,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学陕西省地表系统与环境承载力重点实验室,西安710127 [2]西北大学城市与环境学院,西安710127 [3]宝鸡市农业技术推广服务中心,宝鸡721001

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2022年第12期135-143,共9页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41601290);陕西省农业科技攻关项目(2011K02-11)资助。

摘　　要：了解土壤养分在自然及人为因素驱动下的空间变异特征,对实现农田养分精准调控具有重要意义。以宝鸡市为研究区,利用地统计学分析土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷、速效钾的空间变异特征,并通过单因素分析、RDA排序图等方式探讨土壤类型、地形及人为因素对土壤养分含量的影响。结果表明:1)土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷、速效钾平均含量分别为18.20g/kg、1.15g/kg、19.45mg/kg、197.96mg/kg,空间变异大小依次为速效磷>速效钾>有机质>全氮,均属于中等变异。2)土壤有机质和全氮的空间分布规律极为相似,均呈现由东南向西北递减的趋势,变异性在东西及南北方向均有体现,土壤有机质受地形及土壤类型影响更大(C_(0)/(C_(0)+C)<25%),而全氮受土壤类型、地形及人类活动共同影响(25%<C_(0)/(C_(0)+C)<75%);速效磷呈南高北低的分布格局,速效钾呈中部高南北低的分布格局,两种速效养分的变异性主要表现在南北方向,均受土壤类型、地形及人类活动共同作用。3)不同土壤类型下,塿土中养分含量最高,黑垆土中含量较低;地形因子中高程是引起土壤养分空间变异的主导因子;施肥、种植制度、秸秆还田等农业生产活动差异,也在很大程度上影响了土壤养分的空间变异。Understanding the spatial variation of soil nutrients driven by natural and anthropogenic factors is of great significance to realize the accurate management of soil nutrient.Baoji city was regarded as the study area,the spatial variation of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium were analyzed by geostatistics,and the effects of soil type,topography and anthropogenic factors on soil nutrient content were discussed by single factor analysis and RDA ranking map.The results showed that:1)The average contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium were 18.20g/kg,1.15g/kg,19.45mg/kg and 197.96mg/kg,respectively,and the spatial variation sizes were available phosphorus>available potassium>organic matter>total nitrogen,all of which were moderate variations.2)The spatial distribution of soil organic matter and total nitrogen was similar,showed a decreasing trend from southeast to northwest,the variability was reflected in the east-west and north-south directions,soil organic matter was more affected by topography and soil type(C_(0)/(C_(0)+C)<25%),while total nitrogen was affected by soil type,topography and human activities(25%<C_(0)/(C_(0)+C)<75%),available phosphorus showed a distribution pattern of high south and north low,available potassium showed a distribution pattern of high north and south in the middle,and the variability of available nutrients was mainly manifested in the north-south direction,and the spatial variation was affected by soil type,topography and human activities.3)Under different soil types,the nutrient content in lou soils was the highest,and the nutrient content in dark loessial soils was lower than that in other soil types.Among the topographic factors,elevation was the dominant factor causing the spatial variation of soil nutrients.Under different agricultural zones,the differences of agricultural production activities such as fertilization,crop type and straw returning affected the spatial variation of soil

关 键 词：土壤养分 空间变异 影响因素 地统计学 宝鸡市 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学]