干旱环境条件对土壤中石油污染物的影响研究  

Influence of arid environmental conditions on petroleum pollutants in soil

作　　者：杨永霞 吴永花 单元杰 王雨 YANG Yongxia;WU Yonghua;SHAN Yuanjie;WANG Yu(Research Institute of Experiment and Detection,PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield,Karamay 834000;Xinjiang Oil and Gas Field Environmental Protection and Energy Conservation Engineering Research Center,Karamay 834000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆油田公司实验检测研究院,克拉玛依834000 [2]新疆维吾尔自治区油气田环保节能工程研究中心,克拉玛依834000

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2022年第11期99-104,共6页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

摘　　要：以干旱地区某油田区块土壤为研究对象,筛选出土壤中石油污染物的前处理方法,对比了红外分光光度法和气相色谱法两种测定方法优缺点,考察了不同温度、光照条件对土壤中石油污染物的浓度和组分的影响。结果表明,振荡提取法提取效率较高,振荡提取两次的提取回收率为84.7%,用时仅需1.5h。随着土样中石油浓度的增大,红外分光光度法和气相色谱法测定值的回收率均增加。光照条件下,土壤中石油污染物含量在10h内降低较多,10h后变化速率减小并趋于平衡,其损失量是由石油烃(C_(10)-C_(13))的降解与挥发引起的。在不同温度(30℃/50℃)条件下,土壤中石油污染物含量在24h内均变化较大,石油组分中短链烃类(C_(10)-C_(14))挥发性较强,随着温度升高,土壤中长碳链(C_(15)-C_(18))石油组分也逐渐减少。在室外条件下,土壤中石油组分的变化趋势与温度和光照两单因素条件下一致,在一定时间内,碳原子数较低的烃类物质(C_(10)-C_(17))通过挥发和降解作用而减少,而碳数较大的石油组分基本未发生变化。在治理和修复石油污染土壤的初期,可以忽略低碳链石油类污染物的影响,重点关注碳原子数较大的长碳链石油类污染物。Taking the soil of an oilfield block in arid area as the research object,the method of petroleum pollutants pretreatment in soil were screened out,and the two methods to determine the infrared spectrophotometry and gas chromatography were compared.The effects of different temperature and light conditions on the concentration and composition of petroleum pollutants in soil were investigated.The results showed that the extraction efficiency of oscillating extraction method was higher.The recovery rate of oscillating extraction was 84.7%,and the extraction time was 1.5h.With the increase of petroleum concentration in soil samples,the recovery rate that measured by infrared spectrophotometry and gas chromatography were both increased.Under the light condition,the content of petroleum pollutants in soil decreased a lot within 10h,and the rate of change decreased and reached equilibrium after 10h,the loss was caused by degradation and volatilization of petroleum hydrocarbon(C_(15)-C_(15)).At different temperatures(30℃and 50℃),the content of petroleum pollutants in soil changed greatly within 24h,the volatility of short chain petroleum hydrocarbon(C_(10)-C_(14))were high.With the elevate of temperature,the content of long chain petroleum hydrocarbon(C_(15)-C_(18))in soil were reduced gradually.Under outdoor condition,the variation tendency of petroleum component in soil was consistent with light and temperature condition.In a certain time,the shorter chain petroleum hydrocarbon(C_(10)-C_(17))reduced via volatilization and degradation,but the longer chain petroleum hydrocarbon changed a little.In the early stage of treatment and remediation of petroleum-contaminated soil,the influence of low carbon chain petroleum pollutants can be ignored,and the long carbon chain petroleum pollutants with large carbon atoms should be focused on.

关 键 词：土壤 石油污染物 振荡提取 红外分光光度法 气相色谱法 

分 类 号：X74[环境科学与工程—环境工程]