中国SKA区域中心跨洲际高速数据传输进展及展望  

Progress and prospect of transcontinental high-speed data transmission at the Square Kilometre Array Regional Center in China

作　　者：郭绍光[1,2] 安涛 徐志骏[1] 劳保强[1,3] 陈肖 陆扬[1] 吕唯佳[1] 伍筱聪 GUO ShaoGuang;AN Tao;XU ZhiJun;LAO BaoQiang;CHEN Xiao;LU Yang;LV WeiJia;WU XiaoCong(Shanghai Astronomical Observatory,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200030,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;School of Physics and Astronomy,YunnanUniversity,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海天文台,上海200030 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]云南大学物理与天文学院,昆明650500

出　　处：《中国科学：物理学、力学、天文学》2023年第2期2-16,共15页Scientia Sinica Physica,Mechanica & Astronomica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(编号:2018YFA0404603);国家自然科学基金(编号:11873079,12041301,U1831204);中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(编号:2021258)资助。

摘　　要：平方公里阵列(Square Kilometre Array, SKA)作为最大的射电望远镜,其观测产生的数据将首先由澳大利亚和南非两个台址传输到几百公里以外的科学数据处理中心,然后通过跨洲际高速互联网分发到上万公里距离的全球各个SKA区域中心(SKA Regional Centre, SRC).在SKA第一阶段,每年预计有710 PB的数据需要通过至少100 Gbps的网络分发到各个SRC,如此高的网络带宽和数据规模对数据的传输与分发带来极大挑战.本文通过对TCP/UDP/HTTP等多种网络协议的分析,使用当前射电天文领域不同的软件测试研究了当前10 Gbps网络基础设施下的最佳传输方案参数,讨论了影响高速传输的因素,提出了相应的性能优化策略.这将为中国在SKA第一阶段正式观测前的网络建设和布局提供技术基础,也是未来SKA区域中心全球联网运行的技术积累.本文所描述的技术细节和方法对依赖大数据量跨国际节点交互的相关科学应用至关重要.The Square Kilometre Array(SKA) is the largest radio telescope, and the data generated from its observations are first transmitted from Australia and South Africa to the scientific data processing center 100 km away, and then distributed to various SKA Regional Centres(SRC) with a distance of tens of thousands of kilometers through a high-speed network. In the SKA Phase 1(SKA1) stage, 710 PB of data needs to be distributed to each SRC through a network of at least 100 Gbps each year. Such high network bandwidth and data scale bring great challenges to data transmission and distribution. This study analyzes a variety of network protocols, such as TCP/UDP/HTTP, and uses different software in the field of radio astronomy for testing and research. Then, the optimal transmission scheme parameters under the current infrastructure of a 10 Gbps network are obtained. In this study, the factors affecting high-speed transmission are discussed, and the corresponding performance optimization strategies are given. This study provides the technical foundation for China’s network construction and layout before the official observation of the first stage of SKA and the technology accumulation of global network operations of the SRC in the future. The technical details and methods described in this study are essential for scientific applications that rely on large data cross-international nodes.

关 键 词：平方公里阵列 SKA区域中心 高速网络 数据传输 

分 类 号：P111.44[天文地球—天文学]