遥感多光谱成像在解析土壤成分方面研究进展  

Research Progress of Remote Sensing Multi-spectral Imaging in Analyzing Soil Composition

作　　者：马纬 武志明[1] 温鑫伟 余科松 MA Wei;WU Zhiming;WEN Xinwei;YU Kesong(School of Agricultural Engineering,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong Shanxi 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农业工程学院,山西晋中030801

出　　处：《农业工程》2022年第11期30-36,共7页AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

基　　金：山西省重点研发计划项目(201903D221029);省部共建有机旱作农业国家重点实验室(筹)自主研发课题(202105D121008-3-4)。

摘　　要：土壤中营养成分的变化关乎农业的生产质量,其中水分、有机质、氮、磷、钾等养分信息是土壤肥力的关键,因此获取农田土壤成分信息对农田管理有重要意义。传统土壤检测方法烦琐复杂、费时费力、效率低下,难以满足现代农业发展的需要。随着遥感技术的不断发展与成熟,基于低空尺度的农业无人机和基于高空尺度的卫星平台弥补了地面监测的空缺与不足,飞行器搭载的多光谱传感器在土壤信息的快速、无损、实时获取领域表现出巨大潜力。介绍了多光谱技术特点,概括了遥感多光谱成像技术检测土壤成分的一般步骤,重点阐述了多光谱技术在检测土壤有机质、水分、盐分等方面的研究进展,探讨了遥感多光谱技术在解析土壤成分中涉及的主要方法,最后对农业遥感多光谱成像解析土壤成分进行了思考与展望。Change in nutrient composition in soil is related to quality of agricultural production.Nutrient information such as water,organic matter,nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium is the key to soil fertility.Therefore,obtaining farmland soil composition information is of great significance to farmland management.Traditional soil testing methods are cumbersome,time-consuming,laborintensive,and inefficient,making it difficult to meet needs of modern agricultural development.With continuous development and maturity of remote sensing technology,agricultural drones based on low-altitude scales and satellite platforms based on high-altitude scales have made up for vacancies and deficiencies of ground monitoring scales.The field of lossless,real-time acquisition shows great potential.Characteristics of multi-spectral technology were introduced,general steps of remote sensing multi-spectral imaging technology to detect soil components were summarized,focusing on research progress of multi-spectral technology in detection of soil organic matter,moisture,salinity,etc.Main methods involved in soil composition were finally considered and prospected in analysis of soil composition by agricultural remote sensing multi-spectral imaging.

关 键 词：土壤 多光谱传感器 遥感 土壤成分 

分 类 号：S127[农业科学—农业基础科学]