我国肉鸡产业兽药使用减量化路径探讨  

Study on the Routes of Reducing Veterinary in China’s Broiler Industry

作　　者：张灵静 辛翔飞[1] 肖红波[2] 王济民 ZHANG Lingjing;XIN Xiangfei;XIAO Hongbo;WANG Jimin

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所,北京100081 [2]北京农学院经济管理学院,北京102208 [3]农业农村部食物与营养发展研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《农业技术经济》2023年第2期129-144,共16页Journal of Agrotechnical Economics

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“畜牧业高质量发展指标评价、实现路径与政策建议研究”(编号:21BJY261);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(编号:10-IAED-08-2022、10-IAED-01-2022);财政部与农业农村部现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(编号:CARS-41-G24);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1610052022016)。

摘　　要：兽药在畜禽养殖中的广泛应用促进了现代畜牧业的发展,然而大量使用兽药造成的环境污染及食品质量安全风险等问题日益凸显。肉鸡产业是我国第二大肉类产业,深受药残的困扰,兽药减量对肉鸡产业健康发展意义重大。本文基于9省334个养殖户调研数据,分析了肉鸡养殖中科学用药、生物安全和动物福利三种主要减药措施的现状,并采用贝叶斯信度网络模型探讨了药物投入及减药效果之间的内在关系,最终筛选出了较适宜或最佳的减药措施及措施组合。研究结果表明:(1)我国肉鸡养殖科学用药水平明显偏低,生物安全和动物福利水平相对较高,但与期望最优水平仍有较大差距;(2)科学用药、生物安全和动物福利水平与药物投入水平存在弱负相关关系,这表明了减药路径优化的可能性;(3)药物投入及科学用药、生物安全、动物福利分别处于最高水平时,技术和经济效果均可达到良好状态,但技术和经济效果的期望最优状态需通过三种减药措施的组合实施才能达到;(4)在药物投入处于低和最低水平,且保证技术效果和经济效果处于最高水平的理想状态下,减药路径组合应为“科学用药(低)—生物安全(高)—动物福利(高)”的状态,即减药路径重在提升生物安全水平和动物福利水平。Veterinary drug use has greatly boosted the development of animal husbandry.However,veterinary drug use increasingly induces pollution and food safety problems.The broiler industry,which is the second largest meat industry in China,has been affected negatively by drug residues.Therefore,reducing the use of veterinary drugs is of great significance in promoting their development.In order to select more appropriate drug reduction routes,this article analyzes the current status of three major drug reduction routes,namely scientific drug use,biosafety,and animal welfare,and discusses the internal relationship between drug input and drug reduction effect by using Bayesian belief network model based on the survey data of 334 farmers in 9 provinces.The results show that:(1)the level of scientific drug use in broiler breeding in China is low.Although the level of biosafety and animal welfare is relatively high,there is still a large gap from the expected level;(2)there is a weak negative correlation among three drug reduction routes,indicating the possibility of drug reduction routes;(3)when three drug reduction routes are respectively at the highest levels,both technical and economic effects could be achieved in a good state,but expected optimal state of technical and economic effects could be achieved only through the combination of three drug reduction routes.(4)under the ideal condition that the drug input is at a low and minimum level,and the technical and economic effects are at the highest level,the drug reduction routes should be“scientific drug use(low)-biosafety(high)-animal welfare(high)”,which means reducing the use of veterinary drugs should focus on improving biosafety level and animal welfare level.

关 键 词：肉鸡产业 减药路径 贝叶斯信度网络 生物安全 动物福利 

分 类 号：S859.6[农业科学—临床兽医学]