短暂繁荣:排外主义与美国加州的日本裔农业  

Short Term Flourishing:Japanese Immigrants and the Development of Agriculture in California in the Early 20th Century

作　　者：石惠 梁茂信[1] Shi Hui;Liang Maoxin

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学美国研究所,吉林长春130024

出　　处：《历史教学（下半月）》2023年第1期12-24,共13页History Teaching

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“十九世纪美国工业化转型中的农村、农业与农民问题研究”(项目批准号:18ZDA211)阶段性成果之一。

摘　　要：20世纪初,日本移民在美国加州农业占据重要的一席之地,并在20世纪第二个十年间出现短暂繁荣。然而日本移民的重要表现,也招致白人的仇视与排斥。白人担心日本移民会占据更多加州土地,甚至逐渐将白人挤出农业。他们借用以往的排华话语,掀起排斥日本移民的高潮。为遏制日本移民蚕食农业用地,加州于1913年颁布了《外国人土地法》。因该法存在漏洞,非但未能阻止日本移民在加州农业的扩展,反而刺激了他们积极参与加州农业。为弥补漏洞,1920年加州颁布修订的《外国人土地法》。该法及此后的若干补充法,导致日本移民的参与逐渐走向收缩。In the early 20th century,engaging in agriculture production of Japanese immigrants accounted for a considerable proportion,and in the second decade of the 20th century,it showed short term flourishing.But the prominence of Japanese immigrants in agriculture in California also incurred hatred and ostracism from the whites.White people feared that Japanese immigrants would occupy more of California’s land and even gradually push white people out of agriculture.They used the words of Chinese exclusion in the past to set off a climax of rejecting Japanese immigrants in California.In order to prevent Japanese immigrants encroaching on agriculture land,California enacted the Alien Land Act in 1913.However,due to loopholes in the law and the dependence of white farmers on Japanese immigrants,it did not prevent the expansion of Japanese immigrants in California agriculture,but stimulated a temporary boom of Japanese immigrants in California agriculture.In order to fix the loopholes and completely eradicate the expansion of California agriculture by Japanese immigrants,California promulgated the revised Alien Land Act in 1920.This law and several subsequent supplementary laws caused the participation of Japanese immigrants in California agriculture to shrink gradually.

关 键 词：美国 加利福尼亚 日本移民 农业 《外国人土地法》 

分 类 号：K712[历史地理—历史学]