不同土壤湿度下平菇菌渣施用对土壤酶活性和温室气体排放的影响  

Effect of Resource Utilization of Spent Pleurotus ostreatus Mushroom Substrate on Soil Enzyme activities and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Under Different Soil Moisture Conditions

作　　者：汪久翔 邹冬生[1] 王华[1] 刘梦婷 王安岽 张满云 WANG Jiu-xiang;ZOU Dong-sheng;WANG Hua;LIU Meng-ting;WANG An-dong;ZHANG Man-yun(Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Heath in Dongting Lake Area,College of Resource&Environment,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学资源环境学院洞庭湖区农村生态系统重点实验室,湖南长沙410000

出　　处：《土壤通报》2023年第1期151-160,共10页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(42177026);国家自然科学基金青年项目(41907085);湖南省自然科学基金优秀青年科学基金(2021JJ20030)资助。

摘　　要：【目的】菌渣被广泛认为是一种优良的植物生长基质和土壤改良剂,向土壤中施用菌渣可以提高土壤微生物活性与温室气体的排放,且土壤水分含量也可以调控菌渣对土壤酶活性与温室气体的排放。通过探究不同土壤湿度条件下平菇(Pleurotus ostreatus)菌渣对土壤酶活性的影响,以阐明不同土壤田间持水量下菌渣施用剂量-土壤温室气体排放-土壤酶活性之间的综合关系。【方法】本研究将平菇菌渣施入土壤并对土壤含水量进行调节,分析了在60%、75%、90%田间持水量条件下和菌渣添加量0.0%、2.5%、5.0%、10.0%时,菌渣添加量对土壤酶活性和温室气体排放的影响。【结果】脲酶、几丁质酶、β-葡糖苷酶与菌渣添加量呈正相关,在菌渣添加量为10.0%时活性最强,且在不同含水量下并无显著性差异。CO_(2)排放量与菌渣添加量呈正相关,在菌渣添加量为10.0%时排放量最高,不同土壤含水量下并为CO_(2)排放量其产生显著影响。N_(2)O排放量在菌渣添加量2.5%和无菌渣添加时与含水量呈正相关,N_(2)O排放量在菌渣添加量5.0%与10.0%时与土壤含水量并无显著性差异,在90%田间持水量条件下,N_(2)O排放量与菌渣添加量呈负相关。菌渣的添加量未对土壤CH4排放产生显著影响。对土壤酶活性和温室气体平均排放量进行皮尔逊分析后发现:三种酶活性对CO_(2)平均排放量有显著影响且呈成正相关,对N_(2)O平均排放量呈显著负相关。【结论】菌渣添加会呈现“双刃剑”效应,菌渣添加虽然提高了土壤酶活性,但是相应也提高了全球增温潜势。综合考虑土壤酶活性与温室气体排放量,本研究中菌渣添加量为2.5%时为最适宜还田添加量。本研究结果为利用菌渣改善土壤酶活性且控制温室气体的排放提供了技术支持,为食用菌菌渣资源化利用提供了理论支持。[Objective] The Spen Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom substrate could be utilized as a plant growth substrate and soil improvement agent, and its application could affect soil enzyme activities and greenhouse gas emissions which are also adjusted by the soil moisture. This study aimed to reveal the effects of spent mushroom substrate on soil enzyme activities and greenhouse gas emissions under different soil water holding capacities and to clarify the comprehensive relationship among spent mushroom substrate application dosage, greenhouse gas emissions, and soil enzyme activities. [Method] The spent mushroom substrate was applied to the soil under different soil moisture contents, and the β-glucosidase, urease and chitinase actives and CO_(2), N_(2)O and CH4emissions were also quantified.The application rates of spent mushroom substrates were 0.0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 10.0%, respectively, and soil moistures were 60% WHC, 75% WHC, and 90% WHC, respectively. [Result] The result showed that urease, β-glucosidase, and chitinase activities were positively correlated with the application rates of the spent mushroom substrate. Under the condition of 10% spent mushroom substrate application, the highest enzyme activity was observed, but there was no significant differences among different water holding capacities. There was a positive correlation between the amount of CO_(2)emission and the amount of spent mushroom substrates. The highest amount of CO_(2)emission was observed following 10% spent mushroom substrate application. The N_(2)O emission was positively correlated with soil moisture when the spent mushroom substrate was applied at 0.0% and 2.5%. Meanwhile, the N_(2)O emission was negatively correlated with spent mushroom substrate application at 90% WHC. There was no significant difference in CH4emission among the treatments with different spent mushroom substrate applications. The soil enzyme activities were significant positively correlated with the CO_(2)average emission. A significant negative correlation between the s

关 键 词：菌渣 温室气体 土壤酶活性 土壤田间持水量 

分 类 号：S154[农业科学—土壤学]