帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪的教义学分析共犯从属性原则的坚守  

Doctrinal Analysis of the Crime of Assisting Information Network Criminal Activities On the Basis of Accessory Principle of Accomplice

作　　者：钱叶六 Qian Yeliu

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学法学院

出　　处：《中外法学》2023年第1期143-161,共19页Peking University Law Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“法秩序统一视野下刑民交叉问题体系性研究”(项目编号:20BFX055)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪系堵截性罪名,其设立并非对传统共犯评价模式的否定,而仅仅是对无法按照总则中共犯规定但又有处罚必要的网络帮助行为所做的类型化的应对。在性质上,本罪属于刑法分则规定的特殊帮助犯,而非共犯行为的正犯化。本罪的成立,仅要求被帮助对象(正犯)实施符合构成要件的违法行为即可(限制从属性说)。依据因果共犯论,在“一对多”型共同犯罪的场合,应对各个正犯的违法的量予以累加,并据此判断是否达到可罚的违法程度。本罪中的“帮助”,不仅指直接的帮助,也包括间接的帮助(帮助的帮助)。明知他人利用信息网络实施电信诈骗、开设赌场等犯罪而提供帮助的,属于上游网络犯罪的帮助犯与本罪的竞合,应从一重罪处断。掩饰、隐瞒犯罪所得、犯罪所得收益罪系在他人犯罪既遂之后对其赃物的处置,而非对本犯实施的实行行为进行协力或加功(即非事前或者事中的帮助),与违法结果之间不具有因果性,因而不能与本犯形成共犯关系。The crime of assisting information network criminal activities is a crime of blocking.Its purpose is only a type of criminal law response to the network help behavior that cannot be punished according to the accomplice provisions in the general provisions,instead of negation of the traditional evaluation model of accomplice.In its nature,this crime still belongs to the special accessory crime prescribed in the specific provisions of the criminal law,rather than turning accomplices to principal offenders.This crime is declared only if the aided object(principal offender)commits an illegal act that meets the constitutive requirements(restrictive dependency theory).According to the causal accomplice theory,the illegality of each principal offender should be accumulated,and judge whether it reaches the punishable degree on the occasion of“one to many”joint crime.The term“assisting”in this crime refers not only to direct help,but also to indirect help(help to a helper).Those who knowingly provide assistance to others for using information networks to commit crimes such as telecom fraud and opening casinos belong to the contestation and cooperation between the accomplices of upstream network crimes and this crime,and should be punished as a felony.The crime of covering up or concealing the proceeds of crime and the proceeds of crime belongs to the“assistance”after the completion of another person’s crime,rather than cooperate with or contribute to the execution of the act committed by the offender(i.e.not assist before or during the commission of the offence),and there is no causality between it and the result of the crime,so it cannot form an accomplice relationship with this crime.

关 键 词：特殊帮助犯 共犯从属性 因果共犯论 间接的帮助 竞合 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]