梁启超与革命党人关于社会主义论战的再认识  

Re-recognition of Socialism Debate between Liang Qichao and the Revolutionaries

作　　者：鲁法芹[1] Lu Faqin

机构地区：[1]山东大学当代社会主义研究所社会主义文献研究中心

出　　处：《社会主义研究》2022年第5期73-80,共8页Socialism Studies

基　　金：2022年度国家社会科学基金一般项目“社会主义思想与传统文化相结合的文献整理与研究(1871-1949)”(22BKS044)。

摘　　要：1905-1907年间,梁启超与革命党人分别以《新民丛报》与《民报》为阵地展开的思想大论战,最终落脚到与社会主义相关的论题上,其实质是争论“什么是社会主义”以及“社会主义是否适合中国”。在“什么是社会主义”这一理论问题上,从“分配趋均”的目的出发,论战双方的分歧并不大,并对社会主义的理论基础之一——劳动价值论和剩余价值理论,分别作出了各自浅显的解释。在“社会主义是否适合中国”这一现实问题上,尽管论战双方都选择了国家社会主义,不过在进化论的基础上,梁启超将之视为一种过渡形态,革命党人则视之为目的。产生这种情况的原因,是论战双方不仅均陷入了庸俗经济学泥潭中,而且在根本没有涉及马克思主义国家学说的情况下,都将社会主义与共产主义做了简单的难易划分,从而混淆了马克思主义的“社会所有”与“国家所有”或“政府所有”的内在逻辑关系。The great ideological debate between Liang Qichao and the revolutionaries presented on Minbao Newspaper and Xinmin Series Newspaperrespectivelyfrom 1905 to 1907 finally turned into topics related to socialism.The essence of the debate was actually "what is socialism" and "whether socialism is suitable for China".On the theoretical issue of "what is socialism",the two sides had not so significant differences from the perspective of "distribution toward equalization",and made their shallow explanations on one of the theoretical bases of socialism,the labor theory of value and the theory of surplus value.Concerning the practical problem that "whether socialism is suitable for China",both sides chose the "national socialism".However,Liang Qichao regarded it as a transitional form based on the theory of evolution,while the revolutionaries considered it as a purpose.The underlying reason was that both sides was not only misled by vulgar economics,but also made a simple difficulty-degree division of socialism and communism without considering the Marxist doctrine of the state.Hence,they confused the internal logical relationship and boundaries between the "social ownership" and "state ownership" or "government ownership".

关 键 词：《民报》 《新民丛报》 社会主义 国家社会主义 民生主义 

分 类 号：D61[政治法律—政治学] B259.1[政治法律—中外政治制度]