内蒙古阴山沿麓马铃薯枯萎病病原菌的分离鉴定及其生物学特性  

Isolation, identification and their biological characteristics of pathogens of potato Fusarium wilt in Yinshan area, Inner Mongolia

作　　者：贾瑞芳 康立茹[2] 赵远征 安乐 张之为 赵君[2] 徐利敏[1] 张键 JIA Ruifang;KANG Liru;ZHAO Yuanzheng;AN Le;ZHANG Zhiwei;ZHAO Jun;XU Limin;ZHANG Jian(Plant Protection Institute,Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural&Animal Husbandry Sciences,Huhhot 010031,Inner Mongolia,China;College of Horticulture and Plant Protection,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Huhhot 010018,Inner Mongolia,China;Agricultural Broadcasting School,Liangcheng County Agricultural and Animal Husbandry and Technology Bureau,Ulanqab 013750,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院植物保护研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010031 [2]内蒙古农业大学园艺与植物保护学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [3]凉城县农牧和科技局农广校,内蒙古乌兰察布013750

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2023年第1期65-75,共11页Journal of Zhejiang University:Agriculture and Life Sciences

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2021GG0010,2021GG0011,2019GG180);内蒙古农牧业创新基金项目(2019CXJJN07-2)。

摘　　要：为明确内蒙古阴山沿麓地区马铃薯枯萎病病原菌种类及其生物学特性,本研究以2018—2019年采集的463份马铃薯枯萎病植株为材料,采用组织分离法对病原菌进行分离纯化,按照柯赫氏法则进行致病力检测,利用形态学特征结合延伸因子1α(elongation factor 1α, EF1α)测序结果明确病原菌种类及分类地位,并对其生物学特性进行比较研究。结果显示:分离得到的139株镰刀菌属真菌均能引起马铃薯枯萎病,这些镰刀菌分属于10个种,分别为尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)64株、木贼镰刀菌(F. equiseti)30株、轮枝镰刀菌(F. verticilloides)10株、锐顶镰刀菌(F. acuminatum)12株、芬芳镰刀菌(F. redolens)4株、茄病镰刀菌(F. solani)6株、三线镰刀菌(F. tricinctum)7株、层出镰刀菌(F. proliferum)2株、接骨木镰刀菌(F. sambucinum)3株、厚垣镰刀菌(F. chlamydosporum)1株,其中尖孢镰刀菌的分离率为46.0%,为优势分离菌株。生物学特性测定结果表明:供试镰刀菌在马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基平板上的适宜生长pH为7~9,锐顶镰刀菌、接骨木镰刀菌的最适生长温度为25℃,其余镰刀菌种最适生长温度为30℃。通过致病力测定发现:鉴定出的10种镰刀菌的致病力差异显著,其中尖孢镰刀菌是引起内蒙古阴山沿麓地区马铃薯枯萎病的优势病原菌,发病植株病情指数为60.19,显著高于其他9种镰刀菌。To clarify the pathogen species and their biological characteristics of potato Fusarium wilt in Yinshan area of Inner Mongolia, 463 samples infected with potato wilt were selected as objects from 2018 to 2019.Pathogens were isolated and purified by tissue isolation and the pathogenicity was detected by Koch’s postulate.The types and classification of pathogens were identified by morphology and elongation factor 1α(EF1α)sequencing analysis, and the comparative study of their biological characteristics was conducted. The results showed that 139 strains of Fusarium spp. caused potato Fusarium wilt, which belonging to 10 species, among them,64 strains of F. oxysporum, 30 strains of F. equiseti, 10 strains of F. verticillioides, 12 strains of F. acuminatum,four strains of F. redolens, six strains of F. solani, seven strains of F. tricinctum, two strains of F. proliferum, three strains of F. sambucinum and one strain of F. chlamydosporum were identified, and the isolation rate of F. oxysporum was 46.0% and it was the dominant isolate. The results of biological characteristic determination showed that the optimum growth pH value of all tested strains on potato dextrose agar(PDA) was 7-9. The optimum growth temperatures of F. acuminatum and F. sambucinum were both 25 ℃, and the other Fusarium species were 30 ℃. Further analysis of pathogenicity showed that there were differences among ten Fusarium wilt pathogens. The disease index caused by F. oxysporum was 60.19, and it was higher than other nine Fusarium species, which was the dominant pathogen of potato Fusarium wilt in Yinshan area of Inner Mongolia.

关 键 词：马铃薯枯萎病 镰刀菌 生物学特性 致病力 

分 类 号：S432.1[农业科学—植物病理学]