浙江省海岛丘陵土壤的发生特点与系统分类归属  

Genesis characteristics and taxonomic classification of island hilly soils in Zhejiang Province

作　　者：麻万诸[1,2] 朱康莹 卓志清 章明奎 MA Wanzhu;ZHU Kangying;ZHUO Zhiqing;ZHANG Mingkui(Institute of Digital Agriculture,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310021,Zhejiang,China;Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Hangzhou 310021,Zhejiang,China;College of Environmental and Resource Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省农业科学院数字农业研究所,浙江杭州310021 [2]农业农村部农产品信息溯源重点实验室,浙江杭州310021 [3]浙江大学环境与资源学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2023年第1期96-104,128,共10页Journal of Zhejiang University:Agriculture and Life Sciences

基　　金：国家科技基础性工作专项(2008FY110600);国家自然科学基金项目(41977001,41571207)。

摘　　要：海岛地理景观特殊且成土条件复杂,其土壤形成有别于大陆。为了解浙江省海岛丘陵土壤的发生特点和系统分类归属,本文对80个土壤剖面进行调查,并结合历史文献数据进行研究。调查结果表明:浙江省海岛丘陵土壤的地貌结构、母质组成、气候条件和植被类型等相对单一,但海岛规模、离陆距离、潮汐、人为活动影响频繁;地形坡度较大,石质化明显,黏化作用弱,脱硅富铁铝化作用多变,风化淋溶系数中等,复盐基现象明显,pH值和盐基饱和度较同纬度大陆高,成土环境受古代和现代双重因素影响。在该研究区共鉴定出富铁土、淋溶土、雏形土和新成土4个土纲,干润富铁土、湿润富铁土、干润淋溶土、湿润淋溶土、干润雏形土、湿润雏形土和正常新成土7个亚纲,10个土类、11个亚类和25个土族。浙江省海岛丘陵土壤形成方向基本上与同纬度大陆丘陵土壤相同,属于传统的“红壤带”。Islands have special geographical landscapes and complex soil forming conditions, where the soil formation is different from that in mainland areas. To understand the genesis characteristics and taxonomic classification of island hilly soils in Zhejiang Province, 80 soil profiles were surveyed combining with historical literature data in this study. The results showed that the geomorphic structures, parent materials, climatic conditions, and vegetation types of the soils were relatively single, but the soils were frequently affected by the island scales, distances from land, tide, and human activities. The terrain slope was large;the lithification was obvious;the clayization was weak;the desilicification-allitization was changeable;the weathering-leaching coefficient was medium;the restoring base cations were obvious;the pH value and base saturation percentage were higher than those in the mainland at the same latitude;and the soil forming environment was affected by both ancient and modern factors. Four soil orders, namely Ferrosols, Argosols, Cambosols, and Primosols, were identified from the islands of Zhejiang Province, including 7 suborders of Ustic Ferrosols, Udic Ferrosols, Ustic Argosols, Udic Argosols, Ustic Cambosols, Udic Cambosols, and Orthic Primosols, as well as 10 soil groups, 11subgroups and 25 soil families. In conclusion, the direction of soil formation from the islands of Zhejiang Province is basically the same as that of mainland hilly soil at the same latitude, belonging to the traditional ‘red soil zone’.

关 键 词：海岛丘陵土壤 浙江省 土壤发生 成土环境 土壤分类 复盐基作用 土壤水分状况 土壤分布规律 

分 类 号：S155.1[农业科学—土壤学]