生境类型对传粉昆虫多样性的影响  

Effect of habitat type on pollinator diversity

作　　者：王怡 胡学丰 宋怀磊 周青松 吴清涛 孔维娜[3] 朱朝东[2] 李捷 WANG Yi;HU Xue-Feng;SONG Huai-Lei;ZHOU Qing-Song;WU Qing-Tao;KONG Wei-Na;ZHU Chao-Dong;LI Jie(College of Horticulture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China;Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy ofSciences,Beijing 100101,China;College of Plant Protection,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学园艺学院,太谷030801 [2]中国科学院动物研究所,北京100101 [3]山西农业大学植物保护学院,太谷030801

出　　处：《应用昆虫学报》2022年第6期1259-1268,共10页Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology

基　　金：山西省优秀博士来晋工作奖励资金科研项目(SXYBKY2020016);国家科技基础资源调查专项(2018FY100400)。

摘　　要：【目的】作为生态系统中传粉服务的提供者,传粉昆虫多样性对于维持生态系统的稳定具有不可替代的作用。明确不同类型生境中传粉昆虫多样性的差异特征,有助于制定更加合理化的农业生产方式。【方法】以山西省典型的林区生境(沁水县中条山)和山地果园生境(隰县梨园)为研究区,利用马氏网调查传粉昆虫物种多样性。【结果】林区生境中累计捕获传粉昆虫7 090头,山地梨园生境中累计捕获传粉昆虫8 817头;尽管在个体数量上山地梨园生境要大于林区生境,但山地梨园生境传粉昆虫物种数仅为林区生境的50%,相似性系数为0.362 2,表现为中等不相似;在2种生境中,蚁科和瘿蚊科均为优势类群,但同时存在特有的优势和常见类群。林区生境多样性指数、均匀度指数和丰富度指数显著高于山地梨园生境,而优势集中性指数和优势度指数则显著小于山地梨园生境。【结论】林区生境中传粉昆虫物种更为丰富,且群落更为复杂和均匀,而山地梨园生境中物种类群更为集中。因此在农业生境中应注意提高植被丰富度,从而有利于增加传粉昆虫多样性,维持农业的可持续发展。[Objectives]To measure the diversity of pollinators in different habitat types. [Methods]Pollinator diversity was measured in a typical forest habitat(Zhongtiao mountains, Qinshui county) and a montane orchard(pear orchard, Xi county) with Malaise traps. [Results]A total of 7 090 pollinators were trapped in the forest habitat and 8 817 in the pear orchard habitat. Although more individual pollinators were trapped in the pear orchard than in the forest habitat, the latter had twice as many species. The similarity coefficient was 0.362 2, which indicates moderate unlikeness. The Formicieae and Cecidomyiidae were the dominant families in both habitats, but there were some habitat-specific dominant and common groups. The Diversity, Evenness and Richness indices of the forest habitat were significantly higher than those of the pear orchard, but the Dominant concentration and Dominance index were significantly lower. [Conclusion]More species of pollinators were found in a forest habitat than in a pear orchard, and the forest pollinator community was more complex and uniform than that of the pear orchard where species were more concentrated. Increasing the diversity of vegetation in agricultural habitats could increase pollinator diversity and thereby promote more sustainable agriculture.

关 键 词：生境 生物多样性 传粉昆虫 林区 山地梨园 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学]