考虑加工误差及柔性因素的RV减速器动态传动误差分析方法  

A Method to Analyze Dynamic Transmission Error of RV Reducer Considering Machining Error and Flexible Factors

作　　者：魏征 周建星[1] 崔权维[1] 贾吉帅 张荣华 刘国春 WEI Zheng;ZHOU Jianxing;CUI Weiquan;JIA Jishuai;ZHANG Ronghua;LIU Guochun(School of Mechanical Engineering,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830047,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆大学机械工程学院,乌鲁木齐830047

出　　处：《西安交通大学学报》2023年第2期161-172,共12页Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金资助项目(2021D01C050);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划资助项目(2021B01003-1)。

摘　　要：针对摆线轮、针轮、曲柄轴等关键承载部件的装配误差、制造误差,以及各级齿轮接触弹性变形和支承弹性变形对RV减速器传动精度的影响,提出了基于Newmark-β法考虑加工和装配误差以及柔性因素的RV减速器动态传动误差分析方法。首先,对原始系统动力学模型的动态响应进行时频联合域分析,找出减速器各级振动信号成因,为后续引入装配及制造误差的横向分析提供基础;其次,结合光弹实验,采用有限差分法分析比较了减速器传动误差对各处装配及制造误差的影响灵敏度;然后,量化分析变载、变速和误差条件下各级传动接触及支承弹性变形对动态传动误差的贡献率;最后,结合灵敏度和误差贡献率进行横向比较,确定影响传动精度的主要因素。仿真结果表明:针齿半径误差对传动精度影响最大,其次是曲柄轴凸轮偏心误差,再次是摆线轮的曲柄轴孔偏心误差,最后是针齿壳中心圆半径误差;在变工况传动精度分析中,动态传动误差随负载的增加而增加,输出转速平稳性随负载和转速增加而降低;在柔性变形误差贡献率分析中,低速级齿轮的接触变形贡献率最大,为51%以上,支承变形贡献率次之,介于15%~30%之间。该研究结果可为RV减速器传动误差优化提供一定的参考。The assembly and manufacturing errors of cycloidal wheel,needle wheel,crank shaft and other key bearing components,and the contact and support elastic deformation of gears at all levels have impact on the transmission accuracy of RV reducer.To address this problem,a Newmark-β-based method to analyze dynamic transmission error of RV reducer considering machining and assembly errors and flexible factors is proposed.Firstly,the dynamic response of the original system dynamics model is analyzed in the time-frequency joint domain to find out the cause of reducer vibration signals at all levels,thus providing a basis for the subsequent transverse analysis on assembly and manufacturing errors.Secondly,combined with photoelastic experiment,the finite difference method is used to analyze and compare the sensitivity of the reducer’s transmission errors to the assembly and manufacturing errors.Then,the contribution rate of transmission contact and support elastic deformation to dynamic transmission error under variable load,variable speed and error conditions is quantified.At the end,the main factors affecting transmission accuracy are determined by comparing the sensitivity and error contribution rate.The simulation results show that the needle tooth radius error has the greatest impact on the transmission accuracy,followed by the crank shaft cam eccentricity error,then the crank shaft hole eccentricity error of cycloid wheel,and lastly the needle tooth shell center circle radius error.In the variable-condition transmission accuracy analysis,the dynamic transmission error increases with the increase of load,and the output speed stationarity decreases with the increase of load and speed.In the analysis of flexible deformation error contribution rate,the contact deformation of low-speed gear yields the highest contribution rate of more than 51%,and the support deformation follows,with a contribution rate between 15%and 30%.The research results provide reference for the transmission error optimization of RV reducer.

关 键 词：RV减速器 光弹实验 制造误差 动态传动误差 横向比较法 

分 类 号：TH132.46[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]