砂姜黑土水溶性有机物对秸秆还田配施化肥的响应  

Response of dissolved organic matter to straw returning plus fertilization in lime concretion black soil

作　　者：曹维 蔡成 疏晴 王擎运[1] 齐永波 章力干[1] CAO Wei;CAI Cheng;SHU Qing;WANG Qingyun;QI Yongbo;ZHANG Ligan(Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention,School of Resources and Environment,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036)

机构地区：[1]农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室,安徽农业大学资源与环境学院,合肥230036

出　　处：《安徽农业大学学报》2022年第6期971-978,共8页Journal of Anhui Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41907014);安徽省自然科学基金(1908085QD153);安徽农业大学人才基金(yj2018-30)共同资助。

摘　　要：土壤水溶性有机物(DOM)是土壤有机碳动态变化的敏感指标,为了探究砂姜黑土水溶性有机物对秸秆还田配施化肥的响应特征,为砂姜黑土区土壤培肥和土壤有机质提升提供科学依据。基于砂姜黑土区麦玉轮作制度下的3年田间定位试验(2018—2021年),田间试验设置不施肥(CK),单施秸秆(S)、推荐施肥(F)、秸秆+推荐施肥(SF)4个处理,采用常规测定以及光谱学分析方法,对水溶性有机碳含量及其组分的变化进行分析。结果表明,施肥处理土壤溶解性有机碳(DOC)、溶解性总氮(TDN)、NH_(4)^(+)-N和NO_(3)^(-)-N含量较对照或单施秸秆均显著提高(P<0.05);SF处理DOC含量显著高于F处理(P<0.05),增加18.9%;而TDN、NH_(4)^(+)-N和NO_(3)^(-)-N含量显著低于F处理(P<0.05),分别降低55.0%、64.1%和51.3%。通过紫外-可见、三维荧光和红外光谱分析表明,秸秆还田和施肥不同程度上提升了土壤DOM中类腐殖质物质含量,使结构相对简单的类蛋白质物质含量减少,类腐殖质物质占比依次为SF(59.6%)>S(57.5%)>F(55.9%)>CK(55.1%),类蛋白质物质占比依次为CK(44.9%)>F(44.1%)>S(42.5%)>SF(40.4%),其中以秸秆配施化肥效果最明显,且其DOM中类腐殖质物质结构趋于复杂化。Soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a sensitive indicator of dynamic changes in soil organic carbon.Based on a 3-year field-located experiment (2018-2021) under wheat-maize rotation system in lime concretion black soil area,we investigated the response characteristics of dissolved organic matter in lime concretion black soil to straw return with fertilizer application,which will provide a scientific basis for soil fertilization and soil organic matter enhancement in lime concretion black soil area.The field experiment was conducted in four treatments:no fertilizer(CK),straw return alone (S),recommended fertilizer (F),and straw+recommended fertilizer (SF).The changes of dissolved organic carbon content and its components were analyzed by conventional measurement and spectroscopic analysis.The results showed that soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC),dissolved total nitrogen (TDN),NH_(4)^(+)-N and NO_(3)^(-)-N contents were significantly higher in the fertilizer treatments compared with those of the control or straw return alone (PS (57.5%)>F (55.9%)>CK (55.1%)).While the contents of protein-like substances with relatively simple structure were decreased,in which the percentages of protein-like substances were in the order of CK (44.9%)>F(44.1%)>S (42.5%)>SF (40.4%).Among these four treatments,the effects of straw with chemical fertilizer exhibited obviously,and the structure of humus-like substances in DOM tended to be more complex.

关 键 词：砂姜黑土 秸秆还田 水溶性有机物 紫外-可见光谱 三维荧光光谱 红外光谱 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学]