2012—2021年中国地下水抗生素污染现状及分析技术研究进展  

A Review of Current Status and Analysis Methods of Antibiotic Contamination in Groundwater in China(2012—2021)

作　　者：牛颖 安圣 陈凯[1] 秦久君 刘菲[1] NIU Ying;AN Sheng;CHEN Kai;QIN Jiujun;LIU Fei(Key Laboratory of Groundwater Conservation of Ministry of Water Resources(in Preparation),China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;Heilongjiang Institute of Ecological Geological Survey,Haerbin 150028,China)

机构地区：[1]水利部地下水保护重点实验室(筹),中国地质大学(北京),北京100083 [2]黑龙江省生态地质调查研究院,黑龙江哈尔滨150028

出　　处：《岩矿测试》2023年第1期39-58,共20页Rock and Mineral Analysis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“典型抗生素对地下水系统中反硝化过程的影响机理研究”(41731282);广西省重点研发计划项目“桂林城区水土环境新型污染物防治关键技术研究与示范”(桂科AB22080070)。

摘　　要：抗生素作为一种新污染物,在不同环境介质中均有检出。未被人类或动物完全吸收和代谢的抗生素会通过废水和废弃物以原型或代谢产物的形式进入环境,并在土壤中积累或淋滤进入地下水。抗生素进入环境可能影响微生物生态,产生抗性基因,甚至威胁人体健康,而地下水作为重要的饮用水源,其抗生素污染问题不容忽视。本文从抗生素的危害、使用情况、污染来源、污染现状、定性定量检测方法的优缺点及适应范围和形态分析及环境效应等方面对近十年来(2012—2021)中国地下水中抗生素的研究现状进行总结。经调查,中国常用28种抗生素检出浓度在0.1~1000ng/L以上,检出频率较高的抗生素为诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星、磺胺甲恶唑、恩诺沙星、磺胺嘧啶、红霉素等。从空间分布来看,对地下水中抗生素的研究主要集中在华北、西南地区,而对西北地区中地下水抗生素研究程度较低。目前为止受到分析方法检出限及检出种类的限制,对地下水中抗生素的调查及评价还不够全面。通过综述抗生素定性定量分析方法,发现HPLC-MS/MS法因其具有灵敏度高、选择性好和定性定量准确的优点是目前应用最广泛的抗生素定量分析方法,而且可利用该方法对环境中抗生素类型进行初步识别,针对主要类型开展定量分析或长期监测,为抗生素环境效应研究提供数据支撑。而当抗生素以不同的带电形态、络合形态、吸附形态存在时,因其理化性质不同会影响测定的准确性、环境行为和毒理学效应,因而开展抗生素的形态分析对进一步准确测定抗生素和评估其环境效应具有重要意义。本文认为,优化定性定量检测方法、分析抗生素的不同形态、全面调查地下水中抗生素和科学评价抗生素形态与生态毒理学效应的关系,是今后地下水中抗生素污染研究的重点课题。As a form of new emerging pollutant, antibiotics have been detected in soil, surface water, groundwater, sediment and other different environmental media. As a major country in the production and usage of antibiotics, China’s production and usage are increasing year by year. However, most antibiotics used for humans or animals cannot be fully absorbed and metabolized and will enter the environment in the form of prototypes or metabolites through waste and wastewater accumulating in soil and leaching into groundwater. Antibiotics entering the environment may affect microbial ecology, produce resistance genes, and even threaten human health. Compared with surface water, polluted groundwater is hidden, lagging and difficult to recover. The pollution of antibiotics in groundwater, as the main source of drinking water, has attracted much attention.So far, the research on antibiotics in China is still mainly on surface water and soil, and there are few observations on antibiotics in groundwater. In order to systematically grasp the current pollution situation of antibiotics in groundwater in China, relevant literature on antibiotics in groundwater from 2012 to 2021 is reviewed in this paper. Twenty-eight antibiotics detected more than 100 times in environmental media in China were selected as target antibiotics, and the detected concentrations were summarized and analyzed. It was found that the concentrations of 28 antibiotics commonly detected in groundwater varied by more than 4 orders of magnitude, from 0.1ng/L to more than 1000ng/L. The most frequently detected antibiotics were norfloxacin, ofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine, enrofloxacin, and erythromycin. Through comparative analysis of the detection of antibiotics in various places, it can be seen that the concentration of antibiotics in groundwater is controlled by the properties of antibiotics, the location of pollution sources, hydrogeological structure and the amount of usage and emissions. From the perspective of spatial distribution, sulfonamide a

关 键 词：地下水 抗生素 污染现状 环境行为 形态分析 HPLC-MS/MS 

分 类 号：X502[环境科学与工程—环境工程] O657.63[理学—分析化学]