豫西金矿集区矿业活动对周边农田土壤重金属影响研究  

Influence of Mining Activities in the Gold Ore Concentration Area in Western Henan on the Heavy Metals in Surrounding Farmland Soil

作　　者：孙建伟 贾煦 刘向东[1] 程贤达 商连南 SUN Jianwei;JIA Xu;LIU Xiangdong;CHENG Xianda;SHANG Liannan(Xi’an Center of Mineral Resources Survey,China Geological Survey,Xi’an 710100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局西安矿产资源调查中心,陕西西安710100

出　　处：《岩矿测试》2023年第1期192-202,共11页Rock and Mineral Analysis

基　　金：中国地质调查局地质调查项目“熊耳山—伏牛山矿集区生态修复支撑调查”(DD20208079);“西安城市群周边健康地质调查试点”(DD20211574)。

摘　　要：矿业活动会促进重金属向生态系统扩散,并在周边农田土壤中累积而引发潜在生态风险。豫西金矿集区矿业生产历史悠久,但在长期的矿产资源开采、选冶、加工生产过程中,缺乏对矿区周边农田土壤重金属元素的累积、空间分布和生态风险的关注,矿业活动对环境的影响程度尚不清楚。为掌握该矿集区矿业活动对周边农田土壤重金属的影响程度,支撑服务矿集区生态修复和周边农业安全生产,本文在金矿集区周边农田采集375件土壤样品,采用冷蒸气原子荧光光谱法(CV-AFS)、氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法(HG-AFS)、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱/质谱法(ICP-OES/MS)检测了样品中Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni、As、Hg、Cd、Cr重金属元素含量。用地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法研究了矿集区周边农田土壤中重金属元素的累积特征、空间分布和生态风险,分析评价了矿集区矿业活动对周边农田土壤重金属的影响。研究结果表明:(1)矿集区周边农田土壤中Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni、As、Hg、Cd、Cr含量平均值都低于国家农田土壤重金属污染风险筛选值,但均高于背景值,分别是背景值的1.47、3.24、2.06、1.05、1.03、1.52、2.77、1.07倍,但都低于农田土壤重金属污染风险筛选值。(2)区内重金属元素空间变异系数(CV)顺序为:Pb(90.72%)>Hg(85.25%)>Cd(65.65%)>Zn(44.0%)>Cu(33.66%)>As(31.72%)>Ni(24.23%)>Cr(13.61%)。Pb、Hg、Cd具有相对较高的变异系数,且分布位置均在矿业活动场所周边,显示矿业活动等外缘因素是引起重金属元素累积的主导因素。(3)8种重金属地累积指数分别为-0.1、0.74、0.33、-0.56、-0.60、-0.29、0.62、-0.49,其中Cu、Ni、As、Hg、Cr元素未累积,Cd、Pb、Zn元素为中等累积。(4)8种重金属单因子潜在生态危害指数平均值介于2.06~83.62,综合潜在生态风险指数平均值为192.07,整体表现为中等潜在生态风险。本研究揭示:(1)长期的矿产�BACKGROUND:As the significant factor of the accumulation of heavy metals in farmland soils,mineral activities such as mining,traffic and mineral processing and smelting allow heavy metals to spread into the surrounding environment by water or atmospheric deposition,and finally collected into the soil,causing heavy metal pollution in the surrounding farmland soil.Heavy metals pollution in soils especially in farmland soils around the mining area thus has received great attention in the field of environmental pollution.Located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River watershed,the gold mining area in western Henan is an extremely important gold deposit area with great prospecting potential in China for the strong late Yanshan acidic magmatic activity and the extremely favorable metallogenic geological conditions,in which more than 40 large,medium or small gold deposits have been discovered.Under the background of ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River watershed,the western Henan gold mining area,with a long history of gold mining development,lacks more attention to the accumulation,spatial distribution and ecological risk of heavy metals in farmland soil around the mining area during the years of mining,beneficiation and processing.It is particularly necessary to study the heavy metal pollution in soil,find out the impact of mining activities on heavy metals in surrounding farmland soil,and provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in farmland soil.OBJECTIVES:To clearly understand the impact of mining activities in the western Henan mining area on heavy metals in the surrounding farmland soil,provide necessary basic data for supporting the safe production of key mineral resources,the surrounding agricultural safety,and prevent and control heavy metal pollution in farmland soil.METHODS:375 topsoil samples from the farmland around the western Henan gold mining area at a depth of 0-20cm were systematically investigated and analyzed with reference to

关 键 词：矿集区 农田土壤 重金属元素 电感耦合等离子体发射光谱/质谱法 地累积指数 生态风险指数 

分 类 号：O657.63[理学—分析化学] X522[理学—化学]