《反不正当竞争法》一般条款行政实施的价值证成与机制构建  

Evidence of Value of Administrative Implementation of General Provisions of Anti-Unfair Competition Law

作　　者：吴太轩[1] 乔韵 Wu Taixuan;Qiao Yun

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学

出　　处：《竞争政策研究》2023年第1期29-42,共14页Competition Policy Research

基　　金：2018年国家社科基金重大招标项目《互联网经济的法治保障研究》(项目编号:18ZDA150);2020年国家社科基金《互联网领域反不正当竞争执法疑难问题研究》(项目编号:20BFX147);2021年西南政法大学学生科研创新项目《互联网反不正当竞争罚款规则的适用研究—基于1902份行政处罚决定书的实证研究》(项目编号:2021XZXS-206);2022年重庆市研究生科研创新项目《互联网不正当竞争中“竞争关系”认定问题研究——基于120份裁判文书的实证研究》(项目编号:CYS22274)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在《反不正当竞争法》的修订过程中,一般条款行政实施条款一直在“增加—修改—删除”间反复变动,2017年《反不正当竞争法》最终删去了草案中的相关内容。反对构建一般条款行政实施的理由主要包括“不正当竞争行为属于民事侵权行为”和“行政机关自由裁量权有被滥用的风险”,然这些反对理由欠缺合理性和全面性。同时一般条款行政实施兼具填补司法实施漏洞的外在价值和引导竞争行为的内在价值,故可以且有必要构建《反不正当竞争法》一般条款行政实施机制。为贯彻之,需要厘定一般条款行政实施的界限,构建激励和约束的双重保障机制以实现对行政裁量权的有效控制。In the process of the revision of the Anti-Unfair Competition Law,the general provisions and administrative implementation provisions have been changing repeatedly from"add-modify-delete".In 2017,relevant contents in the draft of the Anti-Unfair Competition Law were finally deleted.The reasons against the construction of the administrative implementation of the general terms can be classified as"unfair competition acts belong to civil torts"and"the administrative authority’s discretion has the risk of being abused".However,these objections are falsifi able.Moreover,the administrative implementation of general provisions has both the external value of fi lling the judicial implementation loophole and the internal value of guiding competitive behavior.Therefore,it is necessary to build the implementation mechanism of general provisions of anti-Unfair Competition Law.By clarifying the scope of administrative implementation of general terms,we can construct a double guarantee mechanism of both incentive and constraint to realize effective control of administrative discretion and reduce its risk abuse.In addition,perfect the connection mechanism between the judicial implementation and administrative administrative implementation of general terms,promote the division of labor and cooperation,so that the general terms can play a maximum role in regulating unfair competition.

关 键 词：反不正当竞争法 一般条款 行政实施 司法实施 行政裁量权 

分 类 号：D922.294[政治法律—经济法学]