棉秆炭对黏土冬灌水分运移的影响  

Change in Water Flow in Clay Soils Amended by Cotton Biochar

作　　者：王涛 蒲胜海[2,3,4] 杨广 李磐[2,3] 马兴旺[2,3] 马红红 王则玉[2,3] 牛新湘 刘小利[2,3] WANG Tao;PU Shenghai;YANG Guang;LI Pan;MA Xingwang;MA Honghong;WANG Zeyu;NIU Xinxiang;LIU Xiaoli(College of Water Conservancy&Architectural Engineering,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832000,China;Institute of Soil,Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Saving,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China;Key Laboratory of Northwest Oasis Agricultural Environment of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Urumqi 830091,China;Xinjiang Huier Agricultural Group Co.,Ltd.,Changji 831100,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学水利建筑工程学院,新疆石河子832000 [2]新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [3]农业农村部西北绿洲农业环境重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830091 [4]新疆慧尔农业集团股份有限公司,新疆昌吉831100

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2023年第2期24-31,共8页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900803);国家自然科学基金项目(52269006);新疆农业科学院自主培育项目(nkyzzkj-009);第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(SQ2021xjkk02704);兵团科技攻关计划项目(2021AB021);兵团科技合作计划项目(2022BC001);农业科技创新稳定支持项目(xjnkywdzc-2022005)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨施用棉秆炭对黏土冬灌水分入渗能力、入渗特征和冬灌水量分配的影响。【方法】通过土柱模拟试验,分析3个冬灌定额(4200、5100和6000 m^(3)/hm^(2),记为W1、W2、W3)和4个棉秆炭施用量(0%、1%、2%、4%,记为C0、C1、C2、C4)协同作用下对黏土湿润锋、累积入渗量、入渗速率和水量分配的影响。【结果】棉秆炭促进湿润锋运移,炭土层历时呈单峰趋势,棉秆炭施用量越大,湿润锋到土柱底部所用时间越短;C1、C2、C4处理土壤初始入渗率分别比C0处理增加6.5%、22.8%、32.0%,平均入渗率增加6.9%、16.8%、21.4%,稳定入渗率增加11.4%、38.6%、40.9%;入渗过程进行到炭土层底部(20 cm)时,C1、C2、C4处理累积入渗量分别比C0处理增加5.0%、6.0%、9.8%,在土柱底部增加1.2%、4.5%、6.3%,累积入渗量随棉秆炭施用量呈上升趋势;W1、W2、W3处理下土壤持水量占灌溉定额比例为63.6%、53.3%、46.6%,炭土层持水量与棉秆炭增加施用量正相关,渗漏量占灌溉定额比例27.3%、38.2%、45.6%,蒸发量占灌溉定额比例为8.5%左右。【结论】施用棉秆炭促进黏土水分入渗,增大土壤入渗能力,炭土层持水量与棉秆炭施用量正相关,渗漏量受灌溉定额影响较大。【Objective】Biochar has been widely used to amend degraded soils to improve their quality and fertility.The aim of this paper is to investigate the change in hydraulic properties of clay soils after being amended by cotton biochar.【Method】The experiment was conducted in repacked columns,with soil in the top 20 cm being amended by biochar at weight ratio 0(C0),1%(C0),2%(C2)and 4%(C4),respectively.Each biochar amendment was associated with three irrigation treatments:4200(W1),5100(W2)and 6000 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W3).For each treatment,we measured the advance of wetting front in the column,cumulative infiltration and infiltration rate,as well as water distribution in the soil.【Result】Biochar amendment enhanced water infiltration,with the enhancement increasing with biochar application amount.Compared with C0,C1,C2 and C3 increased initial infiltration rate,average infiltration rate,steady infiltration rate by 6.5%,22.8%and 32.0%;6.9%,16.8%and 21.4%;and 1.4%,38.6%and40.9%,respectively.After the infiltration front crossed the top 20cm of soil layer,compared to C0,C1,C2 and C3increased the cumulative infiltration by 5.0%,6.0%and 9.8%,and soil water content at the column bottom by 1.2%,4.5%and 6.3%,respectively.Overall,the cumulative infiltration increased with biochar application amount.On average,approximately 63.6%,53.3%and 46.6%of the irrigated water in W1,W2 and W3 was stored in the soils,and the capacity the top 20 cm of soil layer to hold water increased with the biochar application amount.【Conclusion】Amending clay soil by cotton-stalk biochar improved its ability to store and infiltrate water.The improved ability of the amended top 20 cm soil layer was positively correlated with biochar application amount.Water percolation and evaporation was affected by irrigation amount more than by biochar amendment.Our results have implications for improving physical quality and productivity of clay soils.

关 键 词：棉秆炭 湿润锋 土壤水分 冬灌 入渗 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]