南方平原灌区稻田氨挥发排放规律及影响因素研究  

Ammonia Volatilization from Irrigated Paddy Fields in Southern China Plains and Its Determinants

作　　者：杨子荣 邹志科 罗文兵[2] 肖新 黄绍哲 潘红忠[1] 李亚龙[2] YANG Zirong;ZOU Zhike;LUO Wenbing;XIAO Xin;HUANG Shaozhe;PAN Hongzhong;LI Yalong(Yangtze University,Wuhan 430100,China;Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,Wuhan 430100,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学,武汉430100 [2]长江科学院,武汉430100

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2023年第2期79-86,共8页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委员会-中华人民共和国水利部-中国长江三峡集团有限公司长江水科学研究联合基金项目(U2040213);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费资助项目(CKSF2019251/NY,CKSF2021299/NY)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究水、氮在中稻各生育阶段对氨挥发损失量及气象因子对中稻氨挥发速率的影响。【方法】以稻田为研究对象,在江西省灌溉试验中心站开展氨挥发田间试验,设置间歇灌溉(W1)和传统淹灌(W0)2种灌溉模式,不施氮(N0,0 kg/hm^(2))、减量施氮(N1,135 kg/hm^(2))和常规施氮(N2,180 kg/hm^(2))3种施氮水平,分析不同灌溉模式和施氮量对中稻各生育阶段氨挥发损失量的影响,建立氨挥发速率和气象因子之间的回归方程。【结果】同一灌溉模式下,在一定范围内增施氮肥会增加氨挥发损失量;同等施氮水平下,间歇灌溉相比传统淹灌会增加氨挥发损失量;氨挥发损失主要发生在分蘖、拔节、抽穗3个时期,其氨挥发损失量之和占整个生育期氨挥发损失总量的50%以上;气象因子中,日照时间对氨挥发的影响最大,呈正相关,其次为风速,呈负相关,最后是蒸发量,呈负相关。【结论】间歇灌溉相比传统淹灌会增加氨挥发损失量,从中稻整个生育阶段来看,氨挥发损失主要发生在生育中前期,氨挥发与日照时间呈正相关,与风速和蒸发量呈负相关。【Objective】Ammonia volatilization is a pathway of nitrogen cycling in soil. It is mediated by various biotic and abiotic processes. The objective of this paper is to study its variation and determinants in irrigated midseason rice fields in southern China plains.【Method 】The field experiment was conducted in an irrigation experimental station in Jiangxi province. It consisted of two irrigation methods: intermittent irrigation(W1) and traditional flooding irrigation(W0), and three nitrogen fertilizations: 0(N0), 135 kg/hm^(2)(N1), 180 kg/hm^(2)(N2). We measured the ammonia volatilization from each treatment and analyzed its correlation with different meteorological factors.【Result】When irrigation was the same, increasing nitrogen fertilization increased ammonia volatilization,while when nitrogen fertilization was the same, ammonia volatilization was less in flooded irrigation than in intermittent irrigation. Ammonia volatilization occurred mainly in the tillering, jointing and heading stages, the total ammonia volatilization during which accounted for more than half of the total ammonia volatilization in the whole growth season. Among the meteorological factors, sunshine duration positively impacted ammonia volatilization the most, followed by wind speed and evaporation but their influence was negative.【Conclusion】Compared with traditional flooding irrigation, intermittent irrigation increased ammonia volatilization, especially in early and middle stages of the growth season. Ammonia volatilization was positively correlated with sunshine duration and negatively with wind speed and evaporation.

关 键 词：氨挥发 水肥管理 气象因子 平原灌区 显著性 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学]