碳源对蚯蚓人工湿地净化养殖废水的影响  

Improving Wastewater-treatment Wetlands by Exogenous Carbon Earthworms

作　　者：郝益婷 高峰[1,3] 马欢欢[4] 马天 胡超 刘春成[1,3] 崔二苹[1,3] HAO Yiting;GAO Feng;MA Huanhuan;MA Tian;HU Chao;LIU Chuncheng;CUI Erping(Institute of Irrigation,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinxiang 453002,China;Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Key Laboratory of Efficient and Safe Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinxiang 453002,China;College of Environment,Henan Normal University,Xinxiang 453007,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所,河南新乡453002 [2]中国农业科学院研究生院,北京100081 [3]中国农业科学院农业水资源高效安全利用重点开放实验室,河南新乡453002 [4]河南师范大学环境学院,河南新乡453007

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2023年第2期117-122,144,共7页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0403503)。

摘　　要：【目的】为资源化利用农业秸秆优化人工湿地净化水质提供理论依据。【方法】设置8组人工湿地,其基质分别为细沙(KW),细沙+玉米秸秆粉(JW),细沙+工业葡萄糖(PW),细沙+玉米秸秆生物炭(SW),细沙+蚯蚓(KQ),细沙+玉米秸秆粉+蚯蚓(JQ),细沙+工业葡萄糖+蚯蚓(PQ),细沙+玉米秸秆生物炭+蚯蚓(SQ)。【结果】在添加玉米秸秆生物炭、工业葡萄糖以及玉米秸秆粉为碳源后COD的去除率分别为81.80%、88.58%、85.77%,添加碳源后COD去除率均有所提升,每组分别提升了2.3%、9.1%、6.3%。添加工业葡萄糖和玉米秸秆粉可提高人工湿地净化TN、TP的效果,分别提高了7.0%和2.8%;添加工业葡萄糖和玉米秸秆粉为碳源的人工湿地去除TN的效果最好,去除率可达98%和98.2%;在不同处理组中加入蚯蚓后,添加玉米秸秆粉处理组对铜(Cu)的去除率最高,处理水中检测不出铜的量。【结论】在人工湿地中加入蚯蚓后,养殖废水的COD、重金属Cu和Zn的去除率分别提升1.8%、6.3%和2.6%;人工湿地添加玉米秸秆生物炭作为碳源对NH_(4)^(+)-N去除率有明显提高;相比玉米秸秆粉和玉米秸秆生物炭,添加工业葡萄糖对人工湿地净化养殖废水的COD、TP、TN、重金属Cu效果最佳;添加不同碳源与蚯蚓对人工湿地去除COD的效果均有适当提高。加入玉米秸秆粉与蚯蚓联合作用会显著提高人工湿地COD、TP、TN、NH_(4)^(+)-N、以及重金属Cu、Zn的去除率;人工湿地中添加玉米秸秆粉时,蚯蚓吸收重金属Cu效果最佳。【Objective】Constructed wetland is a biotechnological technique to treat wastewater;its function depends on a multitude of biotic and abiotic factors.This paper compares the performance of eight wetlands constructed by different materials.【Method】The eight wetlands we studied were constructed by fine sand only(CK),fine sand+corn straw powder(JW),fine sand+industry glucose(PW),sand+corn-straw biochar(SW),fine sand+eisenia fetida(KQ),fine sand+corn straw powder+eisenia fetida(JQ),fine sand+industrial glucose+eisenia fetida(PQ),fine sand+corn stover biochar+eisenia fetida(SQ),respectively.【Result】Adding corn-straw biochar,industrial glucose and corn-straw power increased the COD removal rate by 81.80%,88.58%and 85.77%,respectively,compared to CK.Adding industrial glucose combined with corn straw powder improved purification efficiency of total N(TN)and total P(TP)by 7.0%and 2.8%,respectively.Wetland with industrial glucose and corn straw powder had the best TN removal rate,reaching 98%and 98.2%,respectively.Adding corn-straw power along with eisenia fetida was most effective to remove cooper,compared with other treatments.On average,introducing eisenia fetida to the wetlands increased the removal rates of COD,Cu and Zn by 1.8%,6.3%and 2.6%,respectively,while adding corn-stover biochar significantly increased the removal rate of NH_(4)^(+)-N.Compared with corn straw powder and corn straw biochar,industrial glucose was more efficient for removing COD,total N and N,and Cu.【Conclusion】Adding eisenia fetida and organic carbon to the wetland can improve its efficacy to remove COD,nitrogen and heavy metals,especially corn-stover powder combined with eisenia fetida.For removing Cu,corn straw powder combined with eisenia fetida works the best.

关 键 词：人工湿地 蚯蚓 碳源 养殖废水 

分 类 号：S271[农业科学—农业水土工程]