丘陵灌区排水循环灌溉模式节水减排效果研究  

Reusing Effluent Water in Drainage Ditches for Irrigation in Hilly Regions

作　　者：邵培寅 李亚龙[2] 熊玉江 袁念念[2] 苏沛兰[1] SHAO Peiyin;LI Yalong;XIONG Yujiang;YUAN Niannian;SU Peilan(College of Water Resources Science and Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China;Agricultural Water Conservancy Department,Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,Wuhan 430010,China)

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学水利科学与工程学院,太原030024 [2]长江水利委员会长江科学院农业水利研究所,武汉430010

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2023年第2期136-144,共9页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委员会-水利部-中国长江三峡集团有限公司长江水科学研究联合基金项目资助(U2040213);清华大学联合开放基金项目(sklhse-2022-Iow09);2021年科技兴蒙项目(2021CG0013)。

摘　　要：【目的】揭示丘陵灌区较为普遍的排水循环灌溉过程及其节水减排效果。【方法】针对灌区典型灌排单元,采用原位试验监测农沟和斗沟中水量和氮磷质量浓度变化,分析回归率(回归水量/抽灌水量)、负荷削减量、负荷削减率时空变化规律,并通过相关分析、逐步回归方法求解负荷削减率的影响因素。【结果】监测到抽灌-回归过程24次,总回归率为89.93%。生育期总磷、总氮、硝态氮和氨态氮负荷削减量分别为0.28、3.27、2.35、2.35 kg/hm^(2)。总磷、总氮、氨态氮负荷的削减发生在田间和农沟,硝态氮负荷的削减发生在斗沟。控排措施使得降水后排水负荷中的硝态氮和氨态氮达到了稳定。4种负荷削减率都与其质量浓度之比(回归质量浓度/抽灌质量浓度)显著相关,总磷、氨态氮削减率与回归率显著相关,总氮、硝态氮削减率与抽灌当天及第2天降水量显著相关,硝态氮削减率还与温度显著相关。【结论】抽灌-回归-控排灌溉模式在节水、方便农户灌溉的同时,提高了水肥利用率,降低了排水给下游水体带来的风险,在灌排单元尺度上节水和控污减排效果良好。【Objective】Most hilly regions in China are short of freshwater resources and recycling the effluent water in their drainage ditches is a way to relieve this pressure and improve water use efficiency.This paper investigates how reusing the effluent water for irrigation affects leaching of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)from soils.【Method】In-situ experiment was set up in a field to measure the change in water flow and N and P concentrations in the ditches and the ditch buckets.We calculated the ratio of recycled water volume to the volume of water pumped for irrigation(i.e.,regression rate),as well as the change in N and P pollutant loads and their determinants.【Result】The water had been drained and reused for irrigations for 24 cycles during the growing season,and the total regression rate reached 89.93%.The loads of total P,total N,nitrate nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen during the growing season were 0.28,3.27,2.35 and 2.35 kg/hm^(2),respectively.The load reductions of P and N were correlated with the ratio of their concentrations in the effluent and in the irrigation water.The reduction in total P and ammonia was significantly correlated with the regression rate.The reduction in total N and nitrate was significantly correlated with irrigation and rainfall in the second day after the irrigation.Nitrate reduction rate was also significantly correlated with temperature.【Conclusion】The cycles of drainage and its reuse for irrigation not only saves water but also improves utilization of water and fertilizers,thereby reducing the risk of N and P pollution to the downstream.

关 键 词：丘陵灌区 循环灌溉 氮磷负荷 水稻 控污减排 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程] S152[农业科学—农业工程]