口罩的声学性能及其对教室语言清晰度的影响  

Acoustic Performance of Masks and Influence on Speech Intelligibility in Classroom

作　　者：徐炤圆 楼志坚 张三明[1] XU Zhaoyuan;LOU Zhijian;ZHANG Sanming(College of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310000,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学建筑工程学院,浙江杭州310000

出　　处：《电声技术》2022年第10期1-4,10,共5页Audio Engineering

摘　　要：利用硅胶人头模型和小型扬声器,研究普通防护口罩、医用外科口罩及N95口罩对于声信号的影响。普通防护口罩、医用外科口罩使声信号在250 Hz~8 kHz的频率上大约降低了4~5 dB,而N95口罩大约降低了8.2 dB。三种口罩的声学衰减都是在正前方最大,在后方较小。普通防护口罩与医用外科口罩的指向性与对照组相比没有明显变化,N95口罩对声音的指向性影响较大。为了反映真实教室环境中不同口罩对汉语语言清晰度的影响,测量一个典型大学教室的房间脉冲响应,与KXY表录音卷积,并利用小扬声器播放卷积后的音频文件,28名听力正常的受试者完成了本次测试。结果表明,医用外科口罩和N95口罩会明显降低语言清晰度,普通防护口罩的测试结果无明显变化。This paper studies the influence of ordinary protective masks,medical surgical masks and N95 masks on acoustic signals by using silica gel head models and small loudspeakers.Ordinary protective masks and medical surgical masks reduce the frequency of acoustic signals between 250 Hz~8 kHz by about 4~5 dB,while N95 masks reduce the frequency of acoustic signals by about 8.2 dB.The acoustic attenuation of the three masks is maximum in the front and small in the rear.Compared with the control group,the directivity of common protective masks and medical surgical masks did not change significantly,and N95 masks had a greater impact on the directivity of sound.In order to reflect the influence of different masks on Chinese language intelligibility in a real classroom environment,the room impulse response of a typical university classroom was measured and convolved with the KXY table recording.28 subjects with normal hearing completed the test by playing convolved audio files through small speakers.The results showed that medical surgical masks and N95 masks could significantly reduce the speech intelligibility,and the test results of common protective masks had no significant change.

关 键 词：口罩 声学性能 大学教室 语言清晰度 

分 类 号：TU112.23[建筑科学—建筑理论]