内蒙古地区地理条件与气候因素对沙地樟子松种群繁殖的影响  

Effects of geographical conditions and climatic factors on population reproduction of Pinus sylvestris in Inner Mongolia

作　　者：张森哲 赵向苗 高润宏[1] ZHANG Senzhe;ZHAO Xiangmiao;GAO Runhong(College of Forestry,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010010,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学林学院,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特010010

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2022年第12期98-111,共14页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目“沙地樟子松林木适应机理与受损林分修复技术研究”(2020ZD04)。

摘　　要：【目的】为解决内蒙古自治区沙地樟子松引种退化问题,由原产地向引种地按地理纬度调查林分特征、更新状况,对内蒙不同地区樟子松的果实和种子进行形态和质量调查并对种子进行发芽实验,根据樟子松更新状况和发芽水平和气候影响因子的相关性分析,找出调控樟子松群落天然更新的主要影响因子。【方法】通过分析不同地区樟子松果实的形态(果实长和底宽)、果实质量、种子质量以及发芽率等指标,评估区域球果质量和种子繁殖更新能力;通过分析幼苗、幼树天然更新状况,调查林分密度、灌木草木盖度、郁闭度、海拔等生境地理因子和气温、水分、湿度等气候因子,以ArcGIS平台进行内蒙古自治区沙地樟子松更新区划,使用SPSS 20.0软件相关性分析对樟子松天然繁殖更新影响因子筛选开展研究。【结果】1)沙地樟子松种子发芽率自东北向西南逐渐降低,阿尔山沙地樟子松种子发芽率最高为95%,小霍络林场种子发芽率最低为80%。2)按照更新适宜性调查分析情况,在内蒙地区划分出4种沙地樟子松繁殖更新区域:可以天然繁殖更新区、可以人工促进天然繁殖更新区、可以引种但不能更新区、不可以引种区。3)影响天然繁重更新的主导气象因子为:4月份平均气温、1月份降水、1月和4月蒸发量、1—4月份积雪日数和1—2月份相对湿度。4)适宜林分因素为:密度(600~800株·hm^(-2))、郁闭度(0.2~0.6)和海拔(700~1500 m)影响更新。【结论】通过影响因子分析表明,幼苗易受到寒风或者生理干旱的影响,可在上冻前或者来年3—4月份进行适当浇水措施以增强樟子松幼苗的抗性,在一些密度、郁闭度较大地区进行整体疏伐降低密度,在草本盖度较大地区进行适当翻土除草,同时人为制造一些沙坑等微环境保水保湿,保证沙地樟子松的更新。【Objective】In terms of the degradation problem of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica during the seed introduction process,the study explored the geographical conditions and updated status of Pinus sylvestris during the introduction to various locations.The morphology and quality of fruits and seeds of Pinus sylvestris in different areas of Inner Mongolia were investigated,and germination experiments were carried out.According to the correlation analysis of the regeneration status and germination of Pinus sylvestris and climate influencing factors,the main influencing factors regulating the natural regeneration of Pinus sylvestris were analyzed.【Method】By analyzing the fruit shape(fruit length and bottom width),fruit weight,seed weight and germination rate of Pinus sylvestris in different areas,the cone quality and seed reproduction and regeneration ability of Pinus sylvestris were determined.By analyzing the natural regeneration status of seedlings and young trees,investigating the habitat geographical factors such as stand density,shrub and vegetation coverage,canopy density and altitude,and climatic factors such as temperature,moisture and humidity,the regeneration division of Pinus sylvestris in the sandy land of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was carried out on the platform of ArcGIS,and the influencing factors of natural reproduction and regeneration of Pinus sylvestris were screened by SPSS correlation analysis.【Result】The results showed that:1)The seed germination rate gradually decreased from northeast to southwest.The highest seed germination rate of Pinus sylvestris in Aershan sandy land was 95%,and the lowest seed germination rate of Xiaohuoluo forest farm was 80%.2)According to the investigation and analysis of regeneration suitability,four breeding regeneration areas of Pinus sylvestris in Inner Mongolia were divided:natural reproduction regeneration areas,natural reproduction regeneration areas which can be artificially promoted,areas with introduction but without regeneration and areas wi

关 键 词：沙地樟子松 天然繁殖更新 人工促进天然更新 更新区划 主导因子 

分 类 号：S769[农业科学—森林保护学]