稀土永磁材料增材制造技术的回顾与展望  

Review and prospect of additive manufacturing rare earth permanent magnet

作　　者：沈鹏 周栋[1] 何亚洲 韩瑞[1] 李卫[1] SHEN Peng;ZHOU Dong;HE Yazhou;HAN Rui;LI Wei(Division of Functional Material,Central Iron and Steel Research Institute,Beijing 100081,China;Material Digital R and D Center,China Iron and Steel Research Institute Group,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]钢铁研究总院有限公司功能材料研究院,北京100081 [2]中国钢研科技集团有限公司数字化研发中心,北京100081

出　　处：《金属功能材料》2023年第1期1-9,共9页Metallic Functional Materials

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFB3505202,2021YFB3502803)。

摘　　要：近年来,随着现有稀土永磁材料的磁性能逐渐接近理论值,传统工艺方法对其性能的进一步提升已经越来越困难。以Nd-Fe-B磁体为例,其实验室水平的最大磁能积在2005年就已经达到474 kJ/m3,超过了理论极限的93%,已经很难再大幅提高。同时,稀土永磁的机械加工性能较差,极大地限制了特殊形状磁性器件的设计应用。作为一种在结构材料方面已经取得重要进展的新兴制造工艺,增材制造也为稀土永磁材料发展带来了新的可能性和推动力。回顾了近年来增材制造技术在稀土永磁材料领域的研究情况,以及通过增材制造技术获得的先进成果,并对未来发展进行了展望。In recent years,as the magnetic properties of existing rare-earth permanent magnet materials have gradually approached their theoretical values,it has become increasingly difficult to further improve their performance by traditional process methods.Taking Nd-Fe-B magnets as an example,the maximum magnetic energy product has exceeded 93%of their theoretical limit more than a decade ago,and it is difficult to go further.Moreover,the poor mechanical processing performance of rare-earth permanent magnets greatly limits the design of magnetic devices with special shapes.As an emerging manufacturing process that has made important progress in structural materials,additive manufacturing also brings new possibilities and impetus to rare-earth permanent magnets.The research on additive manufacturing technology in the field of rare-earth permanent magnets in recent years is reviewed,as well as the advanced results obtained through additive manufacturing technology,and provides an outlook on future developments.

关 键 词：增材制造 稀土永磁 永磁材料 ND-FE-B 磁性能 

分 类 号：TM273[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TP391.73[电气工程—电工理论与新技术]