纳米结构稀土永磁材料的制备及表征研究进展  

Recent progress in preparation and characterization of nanostructural rare earth permanent magnets

作　　者：刘凌旗 李迁 岳明[1] LIU Lingqi;LI Qian;YUE Ming(Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing,Key Lab of Advanced Functional Materials,Ministry of Education,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China)

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学材料与制造学部,新型功能材料教育部重点实验室,北京100124

出　　处：《金属功能材料》2023年第1期10-25,共16页Metallic Functional Materials

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFB3500300);国家自然科学基金(51931007、51871005、51801005);北京市教委科技发展计划重点项目(KZ202010005009);朝阳区博士后科研基金(2021ZZ-36);北京工业大学国际科研合作种子基金(2021B23)。

摘　　要：稀土永磁材料是迄今磁性能最强、应用最广泛的一类永磁材料。与传统的粗晶稀土永磁材料相比,纳米结构稀土永磁材料因其独特的显微组织结构而具有显著不同的磁性能,从而引发了研究者的广泛关注。全面回顾了近年来R-Co(R=Sm, Pr, Y, La)和R-Fe-B(R=Nd, Pr, Tb, Dy)体系纳米结构永磁材料的发展历程。重点介绍了用于R-Co和R-Fe-B纳米结构材料的制备方法,包括熔体快淬、高能球磨(HEBM)、表面活性剂辅助球磨(SABM)和机械化学合成等方法。还讨论了将纳米结构前驱体制备成块状磁体的先进技术,其中包括放电等离子烧结(SPS)、感应加热法(IHC)、冲击波压实(SWC)、燃烧驱动压实(CDC)、高压温压(HPWC)等方法。同时介绍了各向同性以及各向异性的纳米结构单相R-Co和R-Co/Fe纳米复合磁体的微结构特性和磁性能。讨论了各向同性和各向异性纳米结构单相R_(2)Fe_(14)B磁体,以及由硬磁相和软磁相组成的交换耦合纳米复合R-Fe-B/Fe(Co)磁体的磁性。Rare Earth Permanent Magnet(REPM) are widely used due to their high energy density. Compared with conventional polycrystalline REPM, nanostructural magnets exhibit extraordinary magnetic properties due to their unique microstructure. As a result, nanostructural REPM had drawn considerable attention during the last decades. Researches for the development of nanostructural permanent magnets in both the R-Co(R=Sm, Pr) and the R-Fe-B(R=Nd, Pr) systems is comprehensively reviewed. The experimental preparation techniques for nanostructural R-Co and R-Fe-B magnets including melt-spinning, high energy ball milling(HEBM), surfactant-assisted ball milling(SABM), and mechanochemical synthesis are introduced. Consolidation techniques used to make bulk magnets from the particle precursors are also discussed including spark plasma sintering(SPS), inductive heating compaction(IHC), shock wave compaction(SWC), combustion given compaction(CDC), and high-pressure warm compaction(HPWC). The structural and magnetic properties of both R-Co and R-Co/Fe are discussed for both isotropic and anisotropic magnets. The magnetic properties of single phase isotropic and anisotropic R-Fe-B nanostructural magnets are discussed together with R-Fe-B/Fe(Co) magnets composed of a fine mixture of exchange-coupled magnetically soft and hard grains.

关 键 词：稀土永磁 纳米结构 制备方法 显微组织结构 磁性能 

分 类 号：TM273[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]