不同施氮水平对梨园土壤、叶片养分及果实品质的影响  

Effects of Different N Application Levels on Soil, Leaf Nutrients and Fruit Quality in Pear Orchards

作　　者：于四海 支金虎[1,2,3] 汤智辉 郑强卿[5] 杨莉莉[1,2,3] 安世杰 YU Sihai;ZHI Jinhu;TANG Zhihui;ZHENG Qiangqing;YANG Lili;AN Shiji(College of Agriculture,Tarim University,Alar,Xinjiang 843300;Research Center of Oasis Agricultural Resources and Environment in Southern Xinjiang,Tarim University,Alar,Xinjiang 843300;Collaborative Innovation Center of Ecological Agriculture Around Tarim,Alar,Xinjiang 843300;Institute of Mechanical Equipment,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000;Forest Garden Research Institute,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学农学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]塔里木大学南疆绿洲农业资源与环境研究中心,新疆阿拉尔843300 [3]环塔里木生态农业协同创新中心,新疆阿拉尔843300 [4]新疆农垦科学院机械装备研究所,新疆石河子832000 [5]新疆农垦科学院林园研究所,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《北方园艺》2023年第3期15-23,共9页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：新疆生产建设兵团重大科技计划资助项目(2021AA005)。

摘　　要：以新疆阿拉尔市九团嫁接5年库尔勒香梨为试验材料,通过随机区组设计,研究不同施氮水平(N1(150 kg·hm^(-2))、N2(225 kg·hm^(-2))、N3(300 kg·hm^(-2))、N4(375 kg·hm^(-2))、N5(450 kg·hm^(-2)))对库尔勒香梨园生育期内土壤氮素养分、植株叶片全氮含量变化的影响,以期探究梨园适宜施氮量。结果表明:氮肥施用量增加对0~40 cm土层土壤养分含量的影响较为显著,0~40 cm土层各处理硝态氮、铵态氮、碱解氮含量大致呈“增加-降低-增加”趋势;随着氮肥施用量增加,各处理间土壤硝态氮、铵态氮、碱解氮含量变化大致为0~20 cm>20~40 cm>40~60 cm。随着氮肥施用量增加,梨树叶片全氮含量呈“增加-降低”趋势,且各处理间全氮含量表现为当年枝条叶片>多年枝条叶片。石细胞含量、可溶性糖、维生素C含量会随着氮肥的增加呈现先增加后降低趋势。N3、N4处理叶片养分含量较高、果实品质较好。Taking Korla fragrant pear grafted by the Ninth Regiment of Alar City in Xinjiang for five years as experimental materials,the effects of different nitrogen application levels (N1(150kg·hm^(-2)),N2 (225 kg·hm^(-2)),N3 (300 kg·hm^(-2)),N4 (375 kg·hm^(-2)),and N5(450kg·hm^(-2)))on soil nitrogen nutrients and total nitrogen content of plant leaves during the growth period of Korla fragrant pear orchard were studied through randomized block design,in order to explore the appropriate nitrogen application amount in pear orchard.The results showed that the effect of increasing N fertilizer application on soil nutrient content of 0-40cm soil layer was more significant,and the content of nitrate nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen and alkaline nitrogen in 0-40cm soil layer showed a general trend of‘increase-decrease-increase’;with the increase of N fertilizer application,the content of nitrate nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen and alkaline nitrogen in each treatment changed as follows,0-20cm>20-40cm>40-60cm.With the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application,the total nitrogen content of pear leaves showed an‘increasing-decreasing’trend,and the total nitrogen content of each treatment showed that the leaves of current year branches>leaves of multi-year branches.The content of stone cells,soluble sugar and vitamin C content showed an increasing trend with the increase of N fertilization,and then decreased.N3and N4treatments had higher nutrient content and better fruit quality.

关 键 词：施氮水平 硝态氮 铵态氮 碱解氮 叶片全氮 果实品质 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]